时间：2021-03-10 09:24:54 | 栏目：Mysql | 点击：次
前言
锁是在执行多线程时用于强行限定资源访问的同步机制，数据库锁根据锁的粒度可分为行级锁，表级锁和页级锁
行级锁
行级锁是mysql中粒度最细的一种锁机制，表示只对当前所操作的行进行加锁，行级锁发生冲突的概率很低，其粒度最小，但是加锁的代价最大。行级锁分为共享锁和排他锁。
特点：
开销大，加锁慢，会出现死锁；锁定粒度最小，发生锁冲突的概率最大，并发性也高；
实现原理：
InnoDB行锁是通过给索引项加锁来实现的，这一点mysql和oracle不同，后者是通过在数据库中对相应的数据行加锁来实现的，InnoDB这种行级锁决定，只有通过索引条件来检索数据，才能使用行级锁，否则，直接使用表级锁。特别注意:使用行级锁一定要使用索引
举个栗子：
创建表结构
CREATE TABLE `developerinfo` ( `userID` bigint(20) NOT NULL, `name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, `passWord` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`userID`), KEY `PASSWORD_INDEX` (`passWord`) USING BTREE ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
插入数据
INSERT INTO `developerinfo` VALUES ('1', 'liujie', '123456');
INSERT INTO `developerinfo` VALUES ('2', 'yitong', '123');
INSERT INTO `developerinfo` VALUES ('3', 'tong', '123456');
（1）通过主键索引来查询数据库使用行锁
打开三个命令行窗口进行测试
| 命令行窗口1 | 命令行窗口2 | 命令行窗口3 |
|---|
mysql> set autocommit = 0; Query OK, 0 rows affected mysql> select * from developerinfo where userid = '1' for update; +--------+--------+----------+ | userID | name | passWord | +--------+--------+----------+ | 1 | liujie | 123456 | +--------+--------+----------+ 1 row in set |mysql> set autocommit = 0; Query OK, 0 rows affected mysql> select * from developerinfo where userid = '1' for update; 等待 |mysql> set autocommit = 0; Query OK, 0 rows affected mysql> select * from developerinfo where userid = '3' for update; +--------+------+----------+ | userID | name | passWord | +--------+------+----------+ | 3 | tong | 123456 | +--------+------+----------+ 1 row in set |mysql> commit; Query OK, 0 rows affected mysql> select * from developerinfo where userid = '1' for update; +--------+--------+----------+ | userID | name | passWord | +--------+--------+----------+ | 1 | liujie | 123456 | +--------+--------+----------+ 1 row in set
（2）查询非索引的字段来查询数据库使用行锁
打开两个命令行窗口进行测试
| 命令行窗口1 | 命令行窗口2 |
|---|
|mysql> set autocommit=0; Query OK, 0 rows affected mysql> select * from developerinfo where name = 'liujie' for update; +--------+--------+----------+ userID name passWord +--------+--------+----------+ 1 liujie 123456 +--------+--------+----------+ 1 row in set |mysql> set autocommit=0; Query OK, 0 rows affected mysql> select * from developerinfo where name = 'tong' for update; 等待| mysql> commit; Query OK, 0 rows affected mysql> select * from developerinfo where name = 'liujie' for update; +--------+--------+----------+ | userID | name | passWord | +--------+--------+----------+ | 1 | liujie | 123456 | +--------+--------+----------+ 1 row in set
##### （3）查询非唯一索引字段来查询数据库使用行锁锁住多行
mysql的行锁是针对索引假的锁，不是针对记录，所以可能会出现锁住不同记录的场景
打开三个命令行窗口进行测试
命令行窗口1 命令行窗口2 命令行窗口3
mysql> set autocommit=0; Query OK, 0 rows affected mysql> select * from developerinfo where password = '123456 ' for update; +--------+--------+----------+ | userID | name | passWord | +--------+--------+----------+ | 1 | liujie | 123456 | | 3 | tong | 123456 | +--------+--------+----------+ 2 rows in set mysql> set autocommit =0 ; Query OK, 0 rows affected mysql> select * from developerinfo where userid = '1' for update;
等待
mysql> set autocommit = 0; Query OK, 0 rows affected mysql> select * from developerinfo where userid = '2 ' for update; +--------+--------+----------+ | userID | name | passWord | +--------+--------+----------+ | 2 | yitong | 123 | +--------+--------+----------+ 1 row in set commit; mysql> select * from developerinfo where userid = '1' for update; +--------+--------+----------+ | userID | name | passWord | +--------+--------+----------+ | 1 | liujie | 123456 | +--------+--------+----------+ 1 row in set
##### （4）条件中使用索引来操作检索数据库时，是否使用索引还需有mysql通过判断不同执行计划来决定，是否使用该索引，如需判定如何使用explain来判断索引，请听下回分解
总结