时间：2021-02-24 09:38:58 | 栏目：mongodb | 点击：次
前言
本文主要介绍了mongodb用户权限管理的相关内容，关于接着上次实践的部分，下面话不多说了，来一起看看详细的介绍吧
启动mongodb并连接
./bin/mongod -f conf/mongod.conf ./bin/mongo 127.0.0.1:12345
查看默认的数据库情况
> show dbs admin 0.000GB local 0.000GB > use admin switched to db admin > show tables system.version
可以看到，目前数据库里除了一些基本信息，什么都没有
在创建设置用户权限之前，先了解一下文档知识
创建用户
# demo
db.createUser(
{
user: "reportsUser",
pwd: "12345678",
roles: [
{ role: "read", db: "reporting" },
{ role: "read", db: "products" },
{ role: "read", db: "sales" },
{ role: "readWrite", db: "accounts" }
]
}
)
数据库内建角色
数据库用户角色
数据库管理角色
集群管理角色
备份恢复角色
所有数据库角色
超级用户角色
内部角色
有了创建语法，和参数说明，接下来开始实践.
注意，还有一点，账号是跟着数据库绑定的，在那个库里授权，就在那个库里验证(auth)
否则会失败
创建 账号管理授权权限 的账号
> db.createUser(
... {
... user: 'admin',
... pwd: '123456',
... roles: [{role: 'userAdminAnyDatabase', db: 'admin'}]
... }
... )
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "admin",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",
"db" : "admin"
}
]
}
然后退出数据库
> use admin switched to db admin > db.shutdownServer()
重新启动mongodb，记得在配置文件mongod.conf里加上 auth = true
./bin/mongod -f conf/mongod.conf
./bin/mongo 127.0.0.1:12345
> show dbs # 没有验证，没有权限，会出错
"errmsg" : "not authorized on admin to execute command
> use admin
> db.auth('admin', '123456')
1
# 返回 1 表示授权成功，0表示失败
> show dbs #已经授权，可以查看了
创建 读、读写权限的账户
> use book
switched to db book
> db.createUser(
... {
... user: 'zhangsan',
... pwd: 'zhangsan',
... roles: [{role: 'read', db: 'book'}]
... }
... )
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "zhangsan",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "read",
"db" : "book"
}
]
}
> db.createUser(
... {
... user: 'lisi',
... pwd: 'lisi',
... roles: [{role: 'readWrite', db: 'book'}]
... }
... )
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "lisi",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "book"
}
]
}
> show users
{
"_id" : "book.lisi",
"user" : "lisi",
"db" : "book",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "book"
}
]
}
{
"_id" : "book.zhangsan",
"user" : "zhangsan",
"db" : "book",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "read",
"db" : "book"
}
]
}
然后验证用户权限是否正确
> db.book.insert({book: '小人书'}) # 没验证，会出错
WriteResult({
"writeError" : {
"code" : 13,
"errmsg" : "not authorized on book to execute command { insert: \"book\", docum
ents: [ { _id: ObjectId('5959b56edcc047dfe5c9b336'), book: \"小人书\" } ], ordered: true }"
}
})
> db.auth('lisi', 'lisi')
1
> db.book.insert({book: '小人书'})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.auth('zhangsan', 'zhangsan') # 用户切到 zhangsan
1
> db.book.find() # 可以查看
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5959b59fdcc047dfe5c9b337"), "book" : "小人书" }
> db.book.insert({book: '择天记'}) # 没有write权限，会失败
WriteResult({
"writeError" : {
"code" : 13,
"errmsg" : "not authorized on book to execute command { insert: \"book\", docum
ents: [ { _id: ObjectId('5959b650dcc047dfe5c9b338'), book: \"择天记\" } ], ordered: true }"
}
})
创建 root 超级权限账号
这个超级权限包括 授权 和 操控数据库集合数据，比较简单，只需要把role设置成 root
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.auth('admin', '123456')
1
> db.createUser(
... {
... user: 'dongsheng',
... pwd: '123456',
... roles: [{role: 'root', db: 'admin'}]
... }
... )
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "dongsheng",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "root",
"db" : "admin"
}
]
}
> db.auth('dongsheng', '123456')
1
> use book
switched to db book
> db.book.insert({book: '笑傲江湖'})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.book.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5959b59fdcc047dfe5c9b337"), "book" : "小人书" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5959b7abdcc047dfe5c9b339"), "book" : "笑傲江湖" }
总结