时间:2021-02-17 14:03:58 | 栏目:C代码 | 点击:次
一、multimap(一对多索引)
C++ multimap和map所支持的操作相同(除了multimap不支持下标运算),但是multimap允许重复的元素。
完整程序代码:
/*请务必运行以下程序后对照阅读*/ ///头文件依旧是map #include <map> #include <string> #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { ///1. 初始化 multimap<int, string> mapStudent; multimap<int, string>::iterator iter, beg, end; ///2. 添加元素 ///multimap不支持下标操作 mapStudent.insert(pair<int, string>(0, "student_one")); mapStudent.insert(pair<int, string>(0, "student_one_copy"));///一对多 mapStudent.insert(pair<int, string>(1, "student_two")); mapStudent.insert(pair<int, string>(5, "Fear Kubrick")); mapStudent.insert(pair<int, string>(2, "Akemi Homura")); mapStudent.insert(pair<int, string>(-1, "Eren Jaeger")); mapStudent.insert(pair<int, string>(99, "lin")); cout << mapStudent.size() << endl; cout << endl; ///3. 遍历 for (iter = mapStudent.begin(); iter != mapStudent.end(); iter++) cout << iter->first << " " << iter->second << endl; cout << endl; ///4. 单键查询与范围查询 ///单键查询 int count = mapStudent.count(0); iter = mapStudent.find(0); for (int i = 0; i < count; i++, iter++) cout << iter->first << " " << iter->second << endl; cout << endl; ///范围查询 beg = mapStudent.lower_bound(1);/// >=1 end = mapStudent.upper_bound(5);/// <=5 for (; beg != end; beg++) cout << beg->first << " " << beg->second << endl; cout << endl; ///5. 删除 iter = mapStudent.find(1); mapStudent.erase(iter); cout << mapStudent.size() << endl; for (iter = mapStudent.begin(); iter != mapStudent.end(); iter++) cout << iter->first << " " << iter->second << endl; cout << endl; ///6. 判空与清空 if (!mapStudent.empty()) mapStudent.clear(); }
二、multiset(多元集合)
多元集合(multiset)和集合(set)所支持的操作相同,只不过支持重复对象。
它是<set>库中一个非常有用的类型,它可以看成一个序列,插入一个数,删除一个数都能够在O(log n)的时间内完成,而且他能时刻保证序列中的数是有序的,而且序列中可以存在重复的数。
PS:与priority_queue(优先队列)相比,multiset取出任意一个元素要O(log n),但priority_queue要O(n)。(这就是它叫做queue的原因)
完整程序代码:
/*请务必运行以下程序后对照阅读*/ ///头文件依旧为set #include <set> #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { ///1. 初始化 multiset<int> num; multiset<int>::iterator iter,beg,end; cout << num.max_size() << endl;///multiset容纳上限 cout << endl; ///2. 添加元素 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) num.insert(i); cout << num.size() << endl; cout << endl; ///3. 遍历 for (iter = num.begin(); iter != num.end(); iter++) cout << *iter << " " ; cout << endl; cout << endl; ///4. 查询 iter = num.find(1); if (iter != num.end()) cout << *iter << endl; else cout << -1 << endl; iter = num.find(99); if (iter != num.end()) cout << *iter << endl; else cout << -1 << endl; cout << endl; beg=num.lower_bound(2); end=num.upper_bound(7); for (; beg != end; beg++) cout << *beg << " " ; cout << endl; ///5. 删除 iter = num.find(1); num.erase(iter); cout << num.size() << endl; for (iter = num.begin(); iter != num.end(); iter++) cout << *iter << " " ; cout << endl; cout << endl; ///6. 判空与清空 if (!num.empty()) num.clear(); }
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