时间：2021-01-21 10:49:01 | 栏目：Mysql | 点击：次
MySQL 8 带来了全新的体验，比如支持 NoSQL、JSON 等，拥有比 MySQL 5.7 两倍以上的性能提升。本文讲解如何在 Windows 下安装 MySQL 8，以及基本的 MySQL 用法。
下载
本例为：MySQL Community Server 8.0.12。
解压
解压至安装目录，比如 D 盘根目录下。
本例为：D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64。
创建 my.ini
my.ini 是 MySQL 安装的配置文件：
[mysqld] # 安装目录 basedir=D:\\mysql-8.0.12-winx64 # 数据存放目录 datadir=D:\\mysqlData\\data
my.ini放置在 MySQL 安装目录的根目录下。需要注意的是，要先创建D:\mysqlData目录。data目录是由 MySQL 来创建。
初始化安装
执行：
mysqld --defaults-file=D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\my.ini --initialize --console
控制台输出如下，说明安装成功：
>mysqld --defaults-file=D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\my.ini --initialize --console 2018-08-20T16:14:45.287448Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.12) initializing of server in progress as process 5012 2018-08-20T16:14:45.289628Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010457] [Server] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting. 2018-08-20T16:14:45.299329Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting 2018-08-20T16:14:45.301316Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.12) MySQL Community Server - GPL. D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\bin>mysqld --defaults-file=D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\my.ini --initialize --console 2018-08-20T16:15:25.729771Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.12) initializing of server in progress as process 18148 2018-08-20T16:15:43.569562Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: L-hk!rBuk9-. 2018-08-20T16:15:55.811470Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.12) initializing of server has completed
其中，“L-hk!rBuk9-.”就是 root 用户的初始化密码。稍后可以做更改。
启动、关闭 MySQL server
执行mysqld就能启动 MySQL server，或者执行 mysqld ?Cconsole可以看到完整的启动信息：
>mysqld --console 2018-08-20T16:18:23.698153Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010915] [Server] 'NO_ZERO_DATE', 'NO_ZERO_IN_DATE' and 'ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO' sql modes should be used with strict mode. They will be merged with strict mode in a future release. 2018-08-20T16:18:23.698248Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.12) starting as process 16304 2018-08-20T16:18:27.624422Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed. 2018-08-20T16:18:27.793310Z 0 [System] [MY-010931] [Server] D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe: ready for connections. Version: '8.0.12' socket: '' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server - GPL.
关闭，可以执行 mysqladmin -u root shutdown。
使用 MySQL 客户端
使用 mysql 来登录，账号为 root，密码为“L-hk!rBuk9-.”：
>mysql -u root -p Enter password: ************ Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 11 Server version: 8.0.12 Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
执行下面的语句来改密码。其中“123456”即为新密码。
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)
MySQL 常用指令
显示已有的数据库：
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.08 sec)
创建新的数据库：
mysql> CREATE DATABASE lite; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.19 sec)
使用数据库：
mysql> USE lite; Database changed
建表：
建表执行：
mysql> CREATE TABLE t_user (user_id BIGINT NOT NULL, username VARCHAR(20)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.82 sec)
查看表：
查看数据库中的所有表：
mysql> SHOW TABLES; +----------------+ | Tables_in_lite | +----------------+ | t_user | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
查看表的详情：
mysql> DESCRIBE t_user; +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | user_id | bigint(20) | NO | | NULL | | | username | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
插入数据：
mysql> INSERT INTO t_user(user_id, username) VALUES(1, '老卫'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.08 sec)