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150行Python代码实现带界面的数独游戏

时间：2020-11-17 01:15:02 | 栏目：Python代码 | 点击：次

今天闲着没事干，以前做过html+js版的数独，这次做个python版本的，界面由pygame完成，数独生成由递归算法实现，由shuffle保证每次游戏都是不一样的情况，have fun；

功能列表：

 游戏界面

初始界面

过程中界面

运行方式

python main.py 15

这里的15表示需要填入的空格数量为15，理论上这个值越大，难度就越高，大家可以随机调整，或者设置容易、简单、困难、地狱等对应不同的值即可，很方便修改；

程序分析

界面部分

这部分很简单的通过pygame来实现，主要使用了其中的主循环、鼠标键盘监听、画矩形线条、字体、颜色控制等，理解起来很容易，对于这部分不太熟悉的同学，这样理解就好： pygame的主循环中一方面负责接收用户输入，一般就是鼠标和键盘，另一方面负责实时更新界面显示内容 ；

对于界面上各部分内容的绘制的函数封装

# 绘制背景部分，这里就是9*9的九宫格
def draw_background():
  # white background
  screen.fill(COLORS['white'])

  # draw game board
  pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,0,300,900),5)
  pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(300,0,300,900),5)
  pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(600,0,300,900),5)

  pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,0,900,300),5)
  pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,300,900,300),5)
  pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,600,900,300),5)

# 将用户选中的各自背景改为蓝色块表示选中
def draw_choose():
  pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['blue'],(cur_j*100+5,cur_i*100+5,100-10,100-10),0)

# 绘制九宫格中的数字，包括本来就有的，以及用户填入的，本来就在的用灰色，用户填入的如何合法则为绿色，否则为红色，是一种提示
def draw_number():
  for i in range(len(MATRIX)):
    for j in range(len(MATRIX[0])):
      _color = check_color(MATRIX,i,j) if (i,j) in BLANK_IJ else COLORS['gray']
      txt = font80.render(str(MATRIX[i][j] if MATRIX[i][j] not in [0,'0'] else ''),True,_color)
      x,y = j*100+30,i*100+10
      screen.blit(txt,(x,y))

# 绘制最下方的当前空格子数量以及用户的操作数量
def draw_context():
  txt = font100.render('Blank:'+str(cur_blank_size)+'  Change:'+str(cur_change_size),True,COLORS['black'])
  x,y = 10,900
  screen.blit(txt,(x,y))

主循环中对上述函数的调用以及鼠标键盘事件处理

# 主循环，负责监听鼠标键盘时间，以及刷新界面内容，以及检查是否赢得了游戏
running = True
while running:
  for event in pygame.event.get():
    if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
      running = False
      break
    elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
      cur_j,cur_i = int(event.pos[0]/100),int(event.pos[1]/100)
    elif event.type == event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
      if chr(event.key) in ['1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9'] and (cur_i,cur_j) in BLANK_IJ:
        MATRIX[cur_i][cur_j] = int(chr(event.key))
        cur_blank_size = sum([1 if col==0 or col=='0' else 0 for row in MATRIX for col in row])
        cur_change_size +=1
  # background
  draw_background()
  # choose item
  draw_choose()
  # numbers
  draw_number()
  # point
  draw_context()
  # flip
  pygame.display.flip()

  # check win or not
  if check_win(MATRIX_ANSWER,MATRIX):
    print('You win, smarty ass!!!')
    break

pygame.quit()

生成表示数独的二维数组

相对于界面部分，这部分在逻辑上要难一些，思路以递归为核心，辅以随机性，得到一个每次生成都不一致的数独游戏，生成思路简单描述如下：

生成过程代码

递归的一个优势是通常代码都很短，当然阅读性不强，欢迎大佬们改为循环；

def shuffle_number(_list):
  random.shuffle(_list)
  return _list

def check(matrix,i,j,number):
  if number in matrix[i]:
    return False
  if number in [row[j] for row in matrix]:
    return False
  group_i,group_j = int(i/3),int(j/3)
  if number in [matrix[i][j] for i in range(group_i*3,(group_i+1)*3) for j in range(group_j*3,(group_j+1)*3)]:
    return False
  return True

def build_game(matrix,i,j,number):
  if i>8 or j>8:
    return matrix
  if check(matrix,i,j,number):
    _matrix = [[col for col in row] for row in matrix]
    _matrix[i][j] = number
    next_i,next_j = (i+1,0) if j==8 else (i,j+1)
    for _number in shuffle_number(number_list):
      __matrix = build_game(_matrix,next_i,next_j,_number)
      if __matrix and sum([sum(row) for row in __matrix])==(sum(range(1,10))*9):
        return __matrix
  return None

随机覆盖数独数组中的N个位置

def give_me_a_game(blank_size=9):
  matrix_all = build_game(matrix,0,0,random.choice(number_list))
  set_ij = set()
  while len(list(set_ij))<blank_size:
    set_ij.add(str(random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]))+','+str(random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8])))
  matrix_blank = [[col for col in row] for row in matrix_all]
  blank_ij = []
  for ij in list(set_ij):
    i,j = int(ij.split(',')[0]),int(ij.split(',')[1])
    blank_ij.append((i,j))
    matrix_blank[i][j] = 0
  return matrix_all,matrix_blank,blank_ij

最后附上全部代码

大家也可以直接从我的 Github仓库 fork下来直接运行；

main.py：主流程+界面+执行

import sys

import pygame
from pygame.color import THECOLORS as COLORS

from build import print_matrix,give_me_a_game,check

def draw_background():
  # white background
  screen.fill(COLORS['white'])

  # draw game board
  pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,0,300,900),5)
  pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(300,0,300,900),5)
  pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(600,0,300,900),5)

  pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,0,900,300),5)
  pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,300,900,300),5)
  pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,600,900,300),5)

def draw_choose():
  pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['blue'],(cur_j*100+5,cur_i*100+5,100-10,100-10),0)

def check_win(matrix_all,matrix):
  if matrix_all == matrix:
    return True
  return False

def check_color(matrix,i,j):
  _matrix = [[col for col in row]for row in matrix]
  _matrix[i][j] = 0
  if check(_matrix,i,j,matrix[i][j]):
    return COLORS['green']
  return COLORS['red']

def draw_number():
  for i in range(len(MATRIX)):
    for j in range(len(MATRIX[0])):
      _color = check_color(MATRIX,i,j) if (i,j) in BLANK_IJ else COLORS['gray']
      txt = font80.render(str(MATRIX[i][j] if MATRIX[i][j] not in [0,'0'] else ''),True,_color)
      x,y = j*100+30,i*100+10
      screen.blit(txt,(x,y))

def draw_context():
  txt = font100.render('Blank:'+str(cur_blank_size)+'  Change:'+str(cur_change_size),True,COLORS['black'])
  x,y = 10,900
  screen.blit(txt,(x,y))

if __name__ == "__main__":
  # init pygame
  pygame.init()
  
  # contant
  SIZE = [900,1000]
  font80 = pygame.font.SysFont('Times', 80)
  font100 = pygame.font.SysFont('Times', 90)
  
  # create screen 500*500
  screen = pygame.display.set_mode(SIZE)
  
  # variable parameter
  cur_i, cur_j = 0,0
  cur_blank_size = int(sys.argv[1])
  cur_change_size = 0
  
  # matrix abount
  MATRIX_ANSWER,MATRIX,BLANK_IJ = give_me_a_game(blank_size=cur_blank_size)
  print(BLANK_IJ)
  print_matrix(MATRIX)
  
  # main loop
  running = True
  while running:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
      if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
        running = False
        break
      elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
        cur_j,cur_i = int(event.pos[0]/100),int(event.pos[1]/100)
      elif event.type == event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
        if chr(event.key) in ['1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9'] and (cur_i,cur_j) in BLANK_IJ:
          MATRIX[cur_i][cur_j] = int(chr(event.key))
          cur_blank_size = sum([1 if col==0 or col=='0' else 0 for row in MATRIX for col in row])
          cur_change_size +=1
    # background
    draw_background()
    # choose item
    draw_choose()
    # numbers
    draw_number()
    # point
    draw_context()
    # flip
    pygame.display.flip()
  
    # check win or not
    if check_win(MATRIX_ANSWER,MATRIX):
      print('You win, smarty ass!!!')
      break
  
  pygame.quit()

build.py：生成数独数组部分

import random

def print_matrix(matrix):
  print('―'*19)
  for row in matrix:
    print('|'+' '.join([str(col) for col in row])+'|')
  print('―'*19)

def shuffle_number(_list):
  random.shuffle(_list)
  return _list

def check(matrix,i,j,number):
  if number in matrix[i]:
    return False
  if number in [row[j] for row in matrix]:
    return False
  group_i,group_j = int(i/3),int(j/3)
  if number in [matrix[i][j] for i in range(group_i*3,(group_i+1)*3) for j in range(group_j*3,(group_j+1)*3)]:
    return False
  return True

def build_game(matrix,i,j,number):
  if i>8 or j>8:
    return matrix
  if check(matrix,i,j,number):
    _matrix = [[col for col in row] for row in matrix]
    _matrix[i][j] = number
    next_i,next_j = (i+1,0) if j==8 else (i,j+1)
    for _number in shuffle_number(number_list):
      #_matrixs.append(build_game(_matrix,next_i,next_j,_number))
      __matrix = build_game(_matrix,next_i,next_j,_number)
      if __matrix and sum([sum(row) for row in __matrix])==(sum(range(1,10))*9):
        return __matrix
  #return _matrixs
  return None

def give_me_a_game(blank_size=9):
  matrix_all = build_game(matrix,0,0,random.choice(number_list))
  set_ij = set()
  while len(list(set_ij))<blank_size:
    set_ij.add(str(random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]))+','+str(random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8])))
  matrix_blank = [[col for col in row] for row in matrix_all]
  blank_ij = []
  for ij in list(set_ij):
    i,j = int(ij.split(',')[0]),int(ij.split(',')[1])
    blank_ij.append((i,j))
    matrix_blank[i][j] = 0
  return matrix_all,matrix_blank,blank_ij

number_list = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
matrix = [([0]*9) for i in range(9)]
if __name__ == "__main__":
  print_matrix(build_game(matrix,0,0,random.choice(number_list)))

总结

如果刻意减少代码的话，实际应该控制在100行以内，这也充分表达了python的强大，确实可以在很短的时间内完成一些看似复杂的工作，这个例子供一些同学上手python个人觉得还是不错的，没有太复杂的用法，对界面开发有一点点了解，对递归有一些理解基本就能完全掌握这份代码，希望大家玩的开心，挑战一下50个空格呗，哈哈，反正我没通过，太难了。。。。

最后

大家可以到我的Github上看看有没有其他需要的东西，目前主要是自己做的机器学习项目、Python各种脚本工具、有意思的小项目以及Follow的大佬、Fork的项目等：

https://github.com/NemoHoHaloAi

作者:Ho Loong
Github:https://github.com/NemoHoHaloAi
Kaggle:https://www.kaggle.com/holoong9291

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