python中playwright结合pytest执行用例的实现

安装pytest插件

C:\Users\lifeng01>pip install pytest-playwright
Collecting pytest-playwright
  Using cached pytest_playwright-0.2.2-py3-none-any.whl (9.8 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: pytest in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest-playwright) (6.2.5)
Requirement already satisfied: playwright>=1.13 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest-playwright) (1.17.0)
Requirement already satisfied: python-slugify in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest-playwright) (5.0.2)
Requirement already satisfied: pytest-base-url in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest-playwright) (1.4.2)
Requirement already satisfied: typing-extensions in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from playwright>=1.13->pytest-playwright) (3.7.4.3)
Requirement already satisfied: pyee>=8.0.1 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from playwright>=1.13->pytest-playwright) (8.2.2)
Requirement already satisfied: websockets>=8.1 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from playwright>=1.13->pytest-playwright) (9.1)
Requirement already satisfied: greenlet>=1.0.0 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from playwright>=1.13->pytest-playwright) (1.0.0)
Requirement already satisfied: atomicwrites>=1.0 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest->pytest-playwright) (1.3.0)
Requirement already satisfied: attrs>=19.2.0 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest->pytest-playwright) (19.3.0)
Requirement already satisfied: py>=1.8.2 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest->pytest-playwright) (1.9.0)
Requirement already satisfied: toml in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest->pytest-playwright) (0.10.0)
Requirement already satisfied: colorama in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest->pytest-playwright) (0.4.3)
Requirement already satisfied: pluggy<2.0,>=0.12 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest->pytest-playwright) (0.13.1)
Requirement already satisfied: packaging in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest->pytest-playwright) (20.9)
Requirement already satisfied: importlib-metadata>=0.12 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest->pytest-playwright) (1.7.0)
Requirement already satisfied: iniconfig in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest->pytest-playwright) (1.0.1)
Requirement already satisfied: requests>=2.9 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest-base-url->pytest-playwright) (2.25.0)
Requirement already satisfied: text-unidecode>=1.3 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from python-slugify->pytest-playwright) (1.3)
Requirement already satisfied: zipp>=0.5 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from importlib-metadata>=0.12->pytest->pytest-playwright) (3.1.0)
Requirement already satisfied: urllib3<1.27,>=1.21.1 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from requests>=2.9->pytest-base-url->pytest-playwright) (1.26.2)
Requirement already satisfied: certifi>=2017.4.17 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from requests>=2.9->pytest-base-url->pytest-playwright) (2020.4.5.1)
Requirement already satisfied: idna<3,>=2.5 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from requests>=2.9->pytest-base-url->pytest-playwright) (2.9)
Requirement already satisfied: chardet<4,>=3.0.2 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from requests>=2.9->pytest-base-url->pytest-playwright) (3.0.4)
Requirement already satisfied: pyparsing>=2.0.2 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from packaging->pytest->pytest-playwright) (2.4.7)
Installing collected packages: pytest-playwright
Successfully installed pytest-playwright-0.2.2

编写测试用例

import pytest
from playwright.sync_api import Page
 
 
def test_baidu_com(page: Page):
 
    page.goto("https://www.baidu.com")
    # xpath定位输入框，输入文本内容
    page.fill('//*[@id="kw"]', "秦时明月")
    # css点位点击“百度一下”按钮
    page.click('#su')
    # 打印title名称
    print(page.title)
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(["-v", "test_baidu_example.py"])

名词解释：

test_baidu_com(page: Page):自动完成配置类型 ( page是pytest_playwright插件提供的一个夹函数，page指定到类型为Page，Page是playwright库提供的一个类，page指定类型为Page就可以调用Page类中的一些列方法 )

命令行输入命令执行：

PS F:\project_gitee\Test\playwrightProject\cases> pytest --browser chromium --video on
================================================================================== test session starts ==================================================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.7, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: F:\project_gitee\Test\playwrightProject\cases
plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.43, anyio-3.3.4, base-url-1.4.2, clarity-1.0.1, cov-2.8.1, emoji-0.2.0, forked-1.3.0, html-3.1.1, lazy-fixture-0.6.3, metadata-1.11.0, pikachu-0.1.0, playwrigh
t-0.2.2, rerunfailures-9.1.1, xdist-2.2.1
collected 1 item                                                            
 
test_baidu_example.py .                                                                                                                                                           [100%]
 
=================================================================================== 1 passed in 1.97s ===================================================================================

命令行常用基础命令：

# 运行测试
pytest 
 
# 开启页面运行
pytest --headed
 
# 指定浏览器运行
pytest --browser firefox
 
# 开启页面运行并指定浏览器运行
pytest --headed --browser firefox
 
# 指定两个浏览器运行，优先运行火狐再运行谷歌
pytest --browser firefox --browser chromium
 
# 使用浏览器频道，支持谷歌浏览器(我的电脑其他浏览器是报错的)
pytest --browser-channel chromium
 
# 用慢动作运行测试
pytest --slowmo 100
 
# 指定谷歌浏览器，开启记录每次测试的轨迹(生成一个.zip包，存放在test-results文件夹中)
pytest --browser chromium --tracing on（on:开；off:关）
 
# 指定谷歌浏览器，开启每次测试录制视频(生成一个.webm包，存放在test-results文件夹中)
pytest --browser chromium --video on（on:开；off:关）
 
# 指定谷歌浏览器，开启每次测试后是否自动截屏(生成一个.png图片，存放在test-results文件夹中)
pytest --browser chromium --screenshot on

通过浏览器跳过测试:

import pytest
from playwright.sync_api import Page
 
 
@pytest.mark.skip_browser("firefox")
def test_baidu_com(page: Page):
 
    page.goto("https://www.baidu.com")
    # xpath定位输入框，输入文本内容
    page.fill('//*[@id="kw"]', "秦时明月")
    # css点位点击“百度一下”按钮
    page.click('#su')
    # 打印title名称
    print(page.title)
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(["-v", "test_baidu_example.py"])

在特定浏览器上运行:

import pytest
from playwright.sync_api import Page
 
 
@pytest.mark.only_browser("chromium")
def test_baidu_com(page: Page):
 
    page.goto("https://www.baidu.com")
    # xpath定位输入框，输入文本内容
    page.fill('//*[@id="kw"]', "秦时明月")
    # css点位点击“百度一下”按钮
    page.click('#su')
    # 打印title名称
    print(page.title)
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(["-v", "test_baidu_example.py"])

忽略 HTTPS 错误和设置自定义视口大小

第一种是写在conftest.py中，然后直接运行测试用例:

# conftest.py
 
import pytest
 
 
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def browser_context_args(browser_context_args):
    return {
        **browser_context_args,
        "ignore_https_errors": True,
    }
 
 
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def browser_context_args(browser_context_args):
    return {
        **browser_context_args,
        "viewport": {
            "width": 1920,
            "height": 1080,
        }
    }

测试用例写法如下(最好这样写，不然运行就报错，作者已采坑):

import pytest
from playwright.sync_api import Page
 
 
def test_example(page: Page):
    page.goto("http://www.baidu.com")
    assert page.title() == "百度一下，你就知道"
 
    page.close()
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(["-v", "test_example.py"])

命令行运行测试用例:

PS F:\project_gitee\Test\playwrightProject\cases> pytest --headed --browser chromium
================================================================================== test session starts ==================================================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.7, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: F:\project_gitee\Test\playwrightProject\cases
plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.43, anyio-3.3.4, asyncio-0.16.0, base-url-1.4.2, clarity-1.0.1, cov-2.8.1, emoji-0.2.0, forked-1.3.0, html-3.1.1, lazy-fixture-0.6.3, metadata-1.11.0, pikachu-
0.1.0, playwright-0.2.2, rerunfailures-9.1.1, xdist-2.2.1
collected 1 item                                                                                                                                                                         
 
test_example.py .                                                                                                                                                                  [100%]
 
=================================================================================== 1 passed in 2.39s ===================================================================================

第二种是直接在用例中增加指定参数即可:

import pytest
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
 
 
def test_example():
    with sync_playwright() as p:
        browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=False)
        page = browser.new_context(
            ignore_https_errors=True,
            viewport={
                "width": 1920,
                "height": 1040,
            }
        )
        page = page.new_page()
        page.goto("http://www.baidu.com")
        assert page.title() == "百度一下，你就知道"
        browser.close()
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(["-v", "test_example.py"])

名词解释:
p.chromium.launch(headless=False):headless=False是开启有页面运行(默认是True，也就是无头浏览器)

第三种是模拟手机浏览器

# conftest.py
 
import pytest
 
 
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def browser_context_args(browser_context_args, playwright):
    iphone_11 = playwright.devices['iPhone 11 Pro']
    return {
        **browser_context_args,
        **iphone_11,
    }

测试用例写法如下(最好这样写，不然运行就报错，作者已采坑):

import pytest
from playwright.sync_api import Page
 
 
def test_example(page: Page):
    page.goto("http://www.baidu.com")
    assert page.title() == "百度一下，你就知道"
 
    page.close()
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(["-v", "test_example.py"])

命令行运行测试用例:

PS F:\project_gitee\Test\playwrightProject\cases> pytest --headed --browser chromium
================================================================================== test session starts ==================================================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.7, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: F:\project_gitee\Test\playwrightProject\cases
plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.43, anyio-3.3.4, asyncio-0.16.0, base-url-1.4.2, clarity-1.0.1, cov-2.8.1, emoji-0.2.0, forked-1.3.0, html-3.1.1, lazy-fixture-0.6.3, metadata-1.11.0, pikachu-
0.1.0, playwright-0.2.2, rerunfailures-9.1.1, xdist-2.2.1
collected 1 item                                                                                                                                                                         
 
test_example.py F                                                                                                                                                                  [100%]
 
======================================================================================= FAILURES ========================================================================================
________________________________________________________________________________ test_example[chromium] _________________________________________________________________________________
 
page = <Page url='https://m.baidu.com/?from=844b&vit=fps'>
 
    def test_example(page: Page):
        page.goto("http://www.baidu.com")
>       assert page.title() == "百度一下，你就知道"
E       AssertionError: assert '百度一下' == '百度一下，你就知道'
E         - 百度一下，你就知道
E         + 百度一下
 
test_example.py:15: AssertionError
================================================================================ short test summary info ================================================================================
FAILED test_example.py::test_example[chromium] - AssertionError: assert '百度一下' == '百度一下，你就知道'
=================================================================================== 1 failed in 3.14s ===================================================================================

这里运行后，打开的web页面，是一个手机形状的页面，仿的是手机浏览器(代码中指定的是iPhone 11 Pro)

持久上下文

它的意思就是打开一个web页面，会在这个web页面开多个新标签页面去执行测试用例。

例如：我有两个测试用例需要执行，如果使用持久上下文，就会打开一个web页面，然后web页面的第一个标签页运行第一个测试用例，第二个标签页运行第二个测试用例，直到把所有测试用例运行完了，关闭整个web页面，结束。

当然，如果你没有使用持久上下文，那就是打开web页面执行第一个测试用例，执行完第一个测试用例关闭web页面，然后再打开web页面执行第二个测试用例，执行完第二个测试用例关闭web页面，结束。

import pytest
from playwright.sync_api import BrowserType
from typing import Dict
 
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def context(
    browser_type: BrowserType,
    browser_type_launch_args: Dict,
    browser_context_args: Dict
):
    context = browser_type.launch_persistent_context("./data", **{
        **browser_type_launch_args,
        **browser_context_args,
        "locale": "de-DE",
    })
 
    yield context
 
    context.close()

名词解释:

./data用户数据目录的路径，它存储浏览器会话数据，如cookie和本地存储。
browser_type_launch_args如果没有设置值，返回的就是一个空字典；它里面的参数就是和p.chromium.launch()中的传参一致的，此处了解下，后面具体介绍。
browser_context_args如果没有设置值，返回的就是一个空字典；它里面的参数就和context = browser.new_context()中的传参一致的，此处了解下，后面具体介绍。
locale指定用户区域设置，例如' en-GB '、' de-DE '等。

命令行运行测试用例:

PS F:\project_gitee\Test\playwrightProject\cases> pytest --headed --browser chromium
================================================================================== test session starts ==================================================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.7, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: F:\project_gitee\Test\playwrightProject\cases
plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.43, anyio-3.3.4, asyncio-0.16.0, base-url-1.4.2, clarity-1.0.1, cov-2.8.1, emoji-0.2.0, forked-1.3.0, html-3.1.1, lazy-fixture-0.6.3, metadata-1.11.0, pikachu-
0.1.0, playwright-0.2.2, rerunfailures-9.1.1, xdist-2.2.1
collected 2 items                                                                                                                                                                        
 
test_baidu_example.py .                                                                                                                                                            [ 50%]
test_example.py .                                                                                                                                                                  [100%]
 
=================================================================================== 2 passed in 3.12s ===================================================================================

必须知晓问题:

上述文章中的browser_type_launch_args和browser_context_args都是pytest_playwright插件提供的测试夹会话：
展示pytest_playwright插件部分源码：

@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def browser_type_launch_args(pytestconfig: Any) -> Dict:
    launch_options = {}
    headed_option = pytestconfig.getoption("--headed")
    if headed_option:
        launch_options["headless"] = False
    browser_channel_option = pytestconfig.getoption("--browser-channel")
    if browser_channel_option:
        launch_options["channel"] = browser_channel_option
    slowmo_option = pytestconfig.getoption("--slowmo")
    if slowmo_option:
        launch_options["slow_mo"] = slowmo_option
    return launch_options
 
 
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def browser_context_args(
    pytestconfig: Any,
    playwright: Playwright,
    device: Optional[str],
) -> Dict:
    context_args = {}
    if device:
        context_args.update(playwright.devices[device])
    base_url = pytestconfig.getoption("--base-url")
    if base_url:
        context_args["base_url"] = base_url
 
    video_option = pytestconfig.getoption("--video")
    capture_video = video_option in ["on", "retain-on-failure"]
    if capture_video:
        context_args["record_video_dir"] = artifacts_folder.name
 
    return context_args

频道导航

python中playwright结合pytest执行用例的实现

目录

安装pytest插件

编写测试用例

忽略 HTTPS 错误和设置自定义视口大小

持久上下文

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