时间:2022-03-13 12:56:04 | 栏目:C代码 | 点击:次
链表是一种物理存储结构上非连续、非顺序的存储结构,数据元素的逻辑顺序是通过链表中的指针链接次序实现的 。
代码
struct Slist { int* a; struct Slist* next; };
逻辑结构:
物理结构:
注意:
实际中链表的结构非常多样,以下情况组合起来就有8种链表结构:
1. 单向或者双向
①单向
②双向
2.带头或者不带头
①带头
②不带头
3.循环或者非循环
①循环
②非循环
虽然有这么多种结构的链表,但是我们实际中最常用的只有两种结构:
1. 无头单向非循环链表
2.带头双向循环链表
1. 无头单向非循环链表:结构简单,一般不会单独用来存数据。实际中更多是作为其他数据结构的子结构,如哈希桶、图的邻接表等等。另外这种结构在笔试面试中出现很多。
2. 带头双向循环链表:结构最复杂,一般用在单独存储数据。实际中使用的链表数据结构,都是带头双向循环链表。另外这个结构虽然结构复杂,但是使用代码实现以后会发现结构会带来很多优势,实现反而简单了,后面我们代码实现了就知道了。
单链表结构
typedef int SLTDateType; typedef struct SListNode { SLTDateType data; struct SListNode* next; }SListNode;
单链表需要的功能
// 动态申请一个节点 SListNode* BuySListNode(SLTDateType x); // 单链表打印 void SListPrint(SListNode* plist); // 单链表尾插 void SListPushBack(SListNode** pplist, SLTDateType x); // 单链表的头插 void SListPushFront(SListNode** pplist, SLTDateType x); // 单链表的尾删 void SListPopBack(SListNode** pplist); // 单链表头删 void SListPopFront(SListNode** pplist); // 单链表查找 SListNode* SListFind(SListNode* plist, SLTDateType x); // 单链表在pos位置之后插入x // 分析思考为什么不在pos位置之前插入? void SListInsertAfter(SListNode* pos, SLTDateType x); // 单链表删除pos位置之后的值 // 分析思考为什么不删除pos位置? void SListEraseAfter(SListNode* pos); // 单链表的销毁 void SListDestory(SListNode** pplist);
功能实现
SListNode* BuySListNode(SLTDateType x) { SListNode* newnode = (SListNode*)malloc(sizeof(SListNode)); if (newnode == NULL) { exit(-1); } newnode->data = x; return newnode; } void SListPrint(SListNode* plist) { if (plist == NULL) { printf("NULL\n"); return; } else { while (plist) { printf("%d->", plist->data); plist = plist->next; } printf("NULL\n"); } } void SListPushBack(SListNode** pplist, SLTDateType x) { SListNode* tail = *pplist; SListNode* newnode = BuySListNode(x); newnode->next = NULL; if (tail == NULL) { *pplist = newnode; } else { while (tail->next) { tail = tail->next; } tail->next = newnode; } } void SListPushFront(SListNode** pplist, SLTDateType x) { SListNode* newnode = BuySListNode(x); newnode->next = *pplist; *pplist = newnode; } void SListPopBack(SListNode** pplist) { assert(*pplist); SListNode* tail = *pplist; SListNode* Pretail = NULL; if (tail->next == NULL) { *pplist = NULL; return; } else { while (tail->next) { Pretail = tail; tail = tail->next; } free(tail); tail = NULL; Pretail->next = NULL; } } void SListPopFront(SListNode** pplist) { assert(*pplist); SListNode* front = *pplist; *pplist = front->next; free(front); front = NULL; } SListNode* SListFind(SListNode* plist, SLTDateType x) { assert(plist); SListNode* pos = plist; while (pos && pos->data != x) { pos = pos->next; } return pos; } void SListInsertAfter(SListNode* pos, SLTDateType x) { assert(pos); SListNode* newnode = BuySListNode(x); newnode->next = pos->next; pos->next = newnode; } void SListEraseAfter(SListNode* pos) { assert(pos); assert(pos->next); SListNode* node = pos->next; pos->next = node->next; free(node); } void SListDestory(SListNode** pplist) { SListNode* node = *pplist; SListNode* PreNode = NULL; while (node) { PreNode = node->next; free(node); node = PreNode; } }
双向链表的结构
SListNode* BuySListNode(SLTDateType x) { SListNode* newnode = (SListNode*)malloc(sizeof(SListNode)); if (newnode == NULL) { exit(-1); } newnode->data = x; return newnode; } void SListPrint(SListNode* plist) { if (plist == NULL) { printf("NULL\n"); return; } else { while (plist) { printf("%d->", plist->data); plist = plist->next; } printf("NULL\n"); } } void SListPushBack(SListNode** pplist, SLTDateType x) { SListNode* tail = *pplist; SListNode* newnode = BuySListNode(x); newnode->next = NULL; if (tail == NULL) { *pplist = newnode; } else { while (tail->next) { tail = tail->next; } tail->next = newnode; } } void SListPushFront(SListNode** pplist, SLTDateType x) { SListNode* newnode = BuySListNode(x); newnode->next = *pplist; *pplist = newnode; } void SListPopBack(SListNode** pplist) { assert(*pplist); SListNode* tail = *pplist; SListNode* Pretail = NULL; if (tail->next == NULL) { *pplist = NULL; return; } else { while (tail->next) { Pretail = tail; tail = tail->next; } free(tail); tail = NULL; Pretail->next = NULL; } } void SListPopFront(SListNode** pplist) { assert(*pplist); SListNode* front = *pplist; *pplist = front->next; free(front); front = NULL; } SListNode* SListFind(SListNode* plist, SLTDateType x) { assert(plist); SListNode* pos = plist; while (pos && pos->data != x) { pos = pos->next; } return pos; } void SListInsertAfter(SListNode* pos, SLTDateType x) { assert(pos); SListNode* newnode = BuySListNode(x); newnode->next = pos->next; pos->next = newnode; } void SListEraseAfter(SListNode* pos) { assert(pos); assert(pos->next); SListNode* node = pos->next; pos->next = node->next; free(node); } void SListDestory(SListNode** pplist) { SListNode* node = *pplist; SListNode* PreNode = NULL; while (node) { PreNode = node->next; free(node); node = PreNode; } }
双向链表的功能
//创建链表返回头结点 LTNode* ListInit(); // 双向链表销毁 void ListDestory(LTNode* phead); // 双向链表打印 void ListPrint(LTNode* phead); // 双向链表尾插 void ListPushBack(LTNode* phead, LTDateType x); // 双向链表尾删 void ListPopBack(LTNode* phead); // 双向链表头插 void ListPushFront(LTNode* phead, LTDateType x); // 双向链表头删 void ListPopFront(LTNode* phead); // 双向链表查找 LTNode* ListFind(LTNode* phead, LTDateType x); // 双向链表在pos的前面进行插入 void ListInsert(LTNode* pos, LTDateType x); // 双向链表删除pos位置的节点 void ListErase(LTNode* pos);
功能实现
LTNode* ListInit() { //哨兵位头结点 LTNode* phead = (LTNode*)malloc(sizeof(LTNode)); if (phead == NULL) { printf("开辟空间失败!!!\n"); exit(-1); } phead->next = phead; phead->prev = phead; return phead; } void ListDestory(LTNode* phead) { assert(phead); LTNode* cur = phead; LTNode* p = NULL; LTNode* tail = phead->prev; while (cur != tail) { p = cur; cur = cur->next; free(p); } free(tail); } void ListPrint(LTNode* phead) { assert(phead); LTNode* front = phead->next; while (front != phead) { printf("%d ", front->data); front = front->next; } printf("\n"); } void ListPushBack(LTNode* phead, LTDateType x) { assert(phead); LTNode* tail = phead->prev; LTNode* newnode = (LTNode*)malloc(sizeof(LTNode)); if (newnode == NULL) { printf("开辟空间失败!!\n"); exit(-1); } newnode->data = x; tail->next = newnode; newnode->prev = tail; newnode->next = phead; phead->prev = newnode; } void ListPopBack(LTNode* phead) { assert(phead); assert(phead != phead->next); LTNode* tail = phead->prev; LTNode* TailFront = tail->prev; TailFront->next = phead; phead->prev = TailFront; free(tail); } void ListPushFront(LTNode* phead, LTDateType x) { assert(phead); LTNode* next = phead->next; LTNode* newnode = (LTNode*)malloc(sizeof(LTNode)); if (newnode == NULL) { printf("开辟空间失败!!\n"); exit(-1); } newnode->data = x; phead->next = newnode; newnode->prev = phead; newnode->next = next; next->prev = newnode; } void ListPopFront(LTNode* phead) { assert(phead); assert(phead != phead->next); LTNode* head = phead->next;//头结点 phead->next = head->next; head->next->prev = phead; free(head); } LTNode* ListFind(LTNode* phead, LTDateType x) { assert(phead); LTNode* cur = phead->next; while (cur != phead) { if (cur->data == x) { return cur; } cur = cur->next; } return NULL; } void ListInsert(LTNode* pos, LTDateType x) { assert(pos); LTNode* posPrev = pos->prev; LTNode* newnode = (LTNode*)malloc(sizeof(LTNode)); if (newnode == NULL) { printf("开辟空间失败!!\n"); exit(-1); } newnode->data = x; posPrev->next = newnode; newnode->prev = posPrev; newnode->next = pos; pos->prev = newnode; } void ListErase(LTNode* pos) { assert(pos); LTNode* posPrev = pos->prev; LTNode* posNext = pos->next; posPrev->next = posNext; posNext->prev = posPrev; free(pos); }
不同点 顺序表 链表存储空间上物理上一定连续逻辑上连续,物理上不一定连续随机访问支持不支持任意位置上插入或者删除元素可能需要移动元素,效率低下只需修改指针指向插入动态顺序表,空间不够时需要扩容没有容量的概念应用场景元素高效存储+频繁访问任意位置插入和删除频繁