时间:2022-01-20 09:17:28 | 栏目:C代码 | 点击:次
1.标准数据之间会进行隐式类型安全转换,规则如下:
在这里主要探讨c++中类类型与普通类型的转换:
1.类类型转换普通类型
class Fraction { public: Fraction(int num,int den=1); ~Fraction(); //转换函数 /* 转换函数语法规则: operator Type() { Type ret ; ........ return ret; } */ operator double() const { return (double)(m_Numerator*1.0 / m_Denominator); } private: int m_Numerator; int m_Denominator; }; Fraction f(3, 5); double d = 4 + f;//d=4.6
这里4+f,调用转换函数将f转换为0.6
2.普通类型转换为类类型(non-explicit-one-argument ctor)
class Fraction { public: Fraction(int num,int den=1); ~Fraction(); Fraction operator+(const Fraction& f) { return Fraction(this->m_Numerator * f.m_Denominator + this->m_Denominator * f.m_Numerator, f.m_Denominator * this->m_Denominator); } private: int m_Numerator; int m_Denominator; }; Fraction f(3, 5); Fraction d = f + 4;//调用+运算符函数,4会转为Fraction(4,1),含有接受一个参数的构造函数,否则也无法转换
3.同时含有转换函数和可以隐式的调用构造函数(转换构造参数)会报错
class Fraction { public: /* 转换构造函数: -有仅有一个参数 -参数是基本类型 -参数是其它类型 */ Fraction(int num,int den=1); ~Fraction(); operator double() const { return (double)(m_Numerator*1.0 / m_Denominator); } Fraction operator+(const Fraction& f) { return Fraction(this->m_Numerator * f.m_Denominator + this->m_Denominator * f.m_Numerator, f.m_Denominator * this->m_Denominator); } private: int m_Numerator; int m_Denominator; };
报错: “Fraction::operator +”: 2 个重载有相似的转换 ,
所以在我们写构造函数都会使用关键字 explicit 防止类型隐式转换
class Fraction { public: explicit Fraction(int num,int den=1); ~Fraction(); operator double() const { return (double)(m_Numerator*1.0 / m_Denominator); } Fraction operator+(const Fraction& f) { return Fraction(this->m_Numerator * f.m_Denominator + this->m_Denominator * f.m_Numerator, f.m_Denominator * this->m_Denominator); } private: int m_Numerator; int m_Denominator; }; Fraction f(3, 5); Fraction d = f + 4;//报错:不存在从 "double" 转换到 "Fraction" 的适当构造函数 double d = f + 4;//可以,f转换