一、单独备份
1、经典整库备份：backup as compressed backupset database include current controlfile plus archivelog delete all input;
2、tablespace：backup tablespace 名字;
3、数据文件：backup datafile n; (n:具体的数据文件编号select file_name,file_id,tablespace_name from dba_data_files;)
4、控制文件：backup current controlfile;或者backup database include current controlfile;
5、日志文件：backup archivelog all;或者 database plus archivelog;
6、参数文件：backup spfile;
7、全库备份脚本：
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
backup full tag ‘dbfull' format ‘/backup/full%u_%s_%p' database
include current controlfile;
sql ‘alter system archive log current'; #在数据库进行全备份完成之后，需要执行该条命令将当前日志归档，备份归档日志时应该包括最后生成的归档
backup filesperset 3 format ‘/backup/arch%u_%s_%p'#filesperset 3设定每个备份集里文件不超过3个
archivelog all delete input; #备份归档可选，可以单独定期备份
release channel c1;
}
二、增量备份
1、0级增量备份
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
backup incremental level 0 tag ‘db0' format ‘/backup/db0%u_%s_%p'database
include current controlfile; ;
sql 'alter system archive log current';#在数据库进行全备份完成之后，需要执行该条命令将当前日志归档，备份归档日志时应该包括最后生成的归档
backup filesperset 3 format ‘/backup/arch%u_%s_%p'#filesperset 3设定每个备份集里文件不超过3个
archivelog all delete input; #备份归档可选，可以单独定期备份
release channel c1;
}
2、1级备份脚本
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
backup incremental level 1 tag ‘db1' format ‘/backup/db1%u_%s_%p'
database skip readonly include current controlfile;
backup filesperset 3 format ‘/backup/arch%u_%s_%p'#filesperset设定每个备份集里文件不超过3个
archivelog all delete input; #备份归档可选，可以单独定期备份
release channel c1;
}