时间:2020-10-27 12:22:42 | 栏目:Python代码 | 点击:次
Beautiful Soup就是Python的一个HTML或XML的解析库,可以用它来方便地从网页中提取数据。它有如下三个特点:
首先,我们要安装它:pip install bs4,然后安装 pip install beautifulsoup4.
Beautiful Soup支持的解析器
下面我们以lxml解析器为例:
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup('<p>Hello</p>', 'lxml')
print(soup.p.string)
结果:
Hello
beautiful soup美化的效果实例:
html = """ <html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head> <body> <p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p> <p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were <a href="http://example.com/elsie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>, <a href="http://example.com/lacie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and <a href="http://example.com/tillie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>; and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p> <p class="story">...</p> """ from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')#调用prettify()方法。这个方法可以把要解析的字符串以标准的缩进格式输出 print(soup.prettify()) print(soup.title.string)
结果:
<html> <head> <title> The Dormouse's story </title> </head> <body> <p class="title" name="dromouse"> <b> The Dormouse's story </b> </p> <p class="story"> Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" id="link1"> <!-- Elsie --> </a> , <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" id="link2"> Lacie </a> and <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" id="link3"> Tillie </a> ; and they lived at the bottom of a well. </p> <p class="story"> ... </p> </body> </html> The Dormouse's story
下面举例说明选择元素、属性、名称的方法
html = """ <html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head> <body> <p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p> <p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were <a href="http://example.com/elsie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>, <a href="http://example.com/lacie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and <a href="http://example.com/tillie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>; and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p> <p class="story">...</p> """ from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml') print('输出结果为title节点加里面的文字内容:\n',soup.title) print('输出它的类型:\n',type(soup.title)) print('输出节点的文本内容:\n',soup.title.string) print('结果是节点加其内部的所有内容:\n',soup.head) print('结果是第一个p节点的内容:\n',soup.p) print('利用name属性获取节点的名称:\n',soup.title.name) #这里需要注意的是,有的返回结果是字符串,有的返回结果是字符串组成的列表。 # 比如,name属性的值是唯一的,返回的结果就是单个字符串。 # 而对于class,一个节点元素可能有多个class,所以返回的是列表。 print('每个节点可能有多个属性,比如id和class等:\n',soup.p.attrs) print('选择这个节点元素后,可以调用attrs获取所有属性:\n',soup.p.attrs['name']) print('获取p标签的name属性值:\n',soup.p['name']) print('获取p标签的class属性值:\n',soup.p['class']) print('获取第一个p节点的文本:\n',soup.p.string)
结果:
输出结果为title节点加里面的文字内容: <title>The Dormouse's story</title> 输出它的类型: <class 'bs4.element.Tag'> 输出节点的文本内容: The Dormouse's story 结果是节点加其内部的所有内容: <head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head> 结果是第一个p节点的内容: <p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p> 利用name属性获取节点的名称: title 每个节点可能有多个属性,比如id和class等: {'class': ['title'], 'name': 'dromouse'} 选择这个节点元素后,可以调用attrs获取所有属性: dromouse 获取p标签的name属性值: dromouse 获取p标签的class属性值: ['title'] 获取第一个p节点的文本: The Dormouse's story
在上面的例子中,我们知道每一个返回结果都是bs4.element.Tag类型,它同样可以继续调用节点进行下一步的选择。
html = """ <html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head> <body> """ from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml') print('获取了head节点元素,继续调用head来选取其内部的head节点元素:\n',soup.head.title) print('继续调用输出类型:\n',type(soup.head.title)) print('继续调用输出内容:\n',soup.head.title.string)
结果:
获取了head节点元素,继续调用head来选取其内部的head节点元素: <title>The Dormouse's story</title> 继续调用输出类型: <class 'bs4.element.Tag'> 继续调用输出内容: The Dormouse's story
(1)find_all()
find_all,顾名思义,就是查询所有符合条件的元素。给它传入一些属性或文本,就可以得到符合条件的元素,它的功能十分强大。
find_all(name , attrs , recursive , text , **kwargs)
他的用法:
html=''' <div class="panel"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h4>Hello</h4> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <ul class="list" id="list-1"> <li class="element">Foo</li> <li class="element">Bar</li> <li class="element">Jay</li> </ul> <ul class="list list-small" id="list-2"> <li class="element">Foo</li> <li class="element">Bar</li> </ul> </div> </div> ''' from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml') print('查询所有ul节点,返回结果是列表类型,长度为2:\n',soup.find_all(name='ul')) print('每个元素依然都是bs4.element.Tag类型:\n',type(soup.find_all(name='ul')[0])) #将以上步骤换一种方式,遍历出来 for ul in soup.find_all(name='ul'): print('输出每个u1:',ul.find_all(name='li')) #遍历两层 for ul in soup.find_all(name='ul'): print('输出每个u1:',ul.find_all(name='li')) for li in ul.find_all(name='li'): print('输出每个元素:',li.string)
结果:
查询所有ul节点,返回结果是列表类型,长度为2: [<ul class="list" id="list-1"> <li class="element">Foo</li> <li class="element">Bar</li> <li class="element">Jay</li> </ul>, <ul class="list list-small" id="list-2"> <li class="element">Foo</li> <li class="element">Bar</li> </ul>] 每个元素依然都是bs4.element.Tag类型: <class 'bs4.element.Tag'> 输出每个u1: [<li class="element">Foo</li>, <li class="element">Bar</li>, <li class="element">Jay</li>] 输出每个u1: [<li class="element">Foo</li>, <li class="element">Bar</li>] 输出每个u1: [<li class="element">Foo</li>, <li class="element">Bar</li>, <li class="element">Jay</li>] 输出每个元素: Foo 输出每个元素: Bar 输出每个元素: Jay 输出每个u1: [<li class="element">Foo</li>, <li class="element">Bar</li>] 输出每个元素: Foo 输出每个元素: Bar