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python 字典 setdefault()和get()方法比较详解

时间:2020-10-22 22:41:06 | 栏目:Python代码 | 点击:

dict.setdefault(key, default=None) --> 有key获取值,否则设置 key:default,并返回default,default默认值为None

dict.get(key, default=None) --> 有key获取值,否则返回default。default默认值为None。

例子:循环迭代message字符串中每个字符,计算每个字符出现的次数

import pprint
message = "It is a good day, is not it?I mean the weather is good today." 
count1 = {}
for char in message:
 count1.setdefault(char, 0)
 count1[char] += 1 
count2 = {}
for char in message:
 count2[char] = count2.get(char, 0) + 1 
pprint.pprint(count1)
pprint.pprint(count2)

扩展:

defaultdict:属于collections 模块下的一个工厂函数,用于构建字典对象,接收一个函数(可调用)对象为作为参数。参数返回的类型是什么,key对应value就是什么类型。

例子:

一般写法:

data = [("p", 1), ("p", 2), ("p", 3),
  ("h", 1), ("h", 2), ("h", 3)]
result = {}
for (key, value) in data:
 if key not in result:
  result[key] = []
 result[key].append(value)

setdefault:

result = {}
data = [("p", 1), ("p", 2), ("p", 3),
  ("h", 1), ("h", 2), ("h", 3)]
for (key, value) in data:
 result.setdefault(key, []).append(value)

defaultdict:

from collections import defaultdict
result = defaultdict(list)
data = [("p", 1), ("p", 2), ("p", 3),
  ("h", 1), ("h", 2), ("h", 3)]
for (key, value) in data:
 result[key].append(value)

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