详解C++编程中标记语句与复合语句的写法

identifier : statement
case constant-expression : statement
default : statement

标签的范围为整个函数，已在其中声明该标签。
备注
有三种标记语句。它们全都使用冒号将某种标签与语句隔开。case 和 default 标签特定于 case 语句。

#include <iostream> 
using namespace std; 
void test_label(int x) {

  if (x == 1){
    goto label1;
  }
  goto label2;

label1:
  cout << "in label1" << endl;
  return;

label2:
  cout << "in label2" << endl;
  return;
}

int main() {
  test_label(1); // in label1 
  test_label(2); // in label2
}

// labels_with_goto.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <iostream>
int main() {
  using namespace std;
  goto Test2;

  cout << "testing" << endl;

  Test2:
   cerr << "At Test2 label." << endl;
}

//Output: At Test2 label.

// Sample Microsoft Windows message processing loop.
switch( msg )
{
  case WM_TIMER:  // Process timer event.
   SetClassWord( hWnd, GCW_HICON, ahIcon[nIcon++] );
   ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOWNA );
   nIcon %= 14;
   Yield();
   break;

  case WM_PAINT:
   memset( &ps, 0x00, sizeof(PAINTSTRUCT) );
   hDC = BeginPaint( hWnd, &ps ); 
   EndPaint( hWnd, &ps );
   break;

  default:
   // This choice is taken for all messages not specifically
   // covered by a case statement.

   return DefWindowProc( hWnd, Message, wParam, lParam );
   break;
}

// Sample Microsoft Windows message processing loop.
switch( msg )
{
  case WM_TIMER:  // Process timer event.
   SetClassWord( hWnd, GCW_HICON, ahIcon[nIcon++] );
   ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOWNA );
   nIcon %= 14;
   Yield();
   break;

  case WM_PAINT:
   // Obtain a handle to the device context.
   // BeginPaint will send WM_ERASEBKGND if appropriate.

   memset( &ps, 0x00, sizeof(PAINTSTRUCT) );
   hDC = BeginPaint( hWnd, &ps );

   // Inform Windows that painting is complete.

   EndPaint( hWnd, &ps );
   break;

  case WM_CLOSE:
   // Close this window and all child windows.

   KillTimer( hWnd, TIMER1 );
   DestroyWindow( hWnd );
   if ( hWnd == hWndMain )
     PostQuitMessage( 0 ); // Quit the application.
   break;

  default:
   // This choice is taken for all messages not specifically
   // covered by a case statement.

   return DefWindowProc( hWnd, Message, wParam, lParam );
   break;
}

// labels_with_goto.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <iostream>
int main() {
  using namespace std;
  goto Test2;

  cout << "testing" << endl;

  Test2:
   cerr << "At Test2 label." << endl;
// At Test2 label.
}

{ [ statement-list ] }

if( Amount > 100 )
{
  cout << "Amount was too large to handle\n";
  Alert();
}
else
  Balance -= Amount;