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Numpy中转置transpose、T和swapaxes的实例讲解

时间:2020-10-13 13:22:25 | 栏目:Python代码 | 点击:

利用Python进行数据分析时,Numpy是最常用的库,经常用来对数组、矩阵等进行转置等,有时候用来做数据的存储。

在numpy中,转置transpose和轴对换是很基本的操作,下面分别详细讲述一下,以免自己忘记。

In [1]: import numpy as np 
 
In [2]: arr=np.arange(16).reshape(2,2,4) 
 
In [3]: arr 
Out[3]: 
array([[[ 0, 1, 2, 3], 
    [ 4, 5, 6, 7]], 
 
    [[ 8, 9, 10, 11], 
    [12, 13, 14, 15]]]) 

如上图所示,将0-15放在一个2 2 4 的矩阵当中,得到结果如上。

现在要进行装置transpose操作,比如

In [4]: arr.transpose(1,0,2) 
Out[4]: 
array([[[ 0, 1, 2, 3], 
    [ 8, 9, 10, 11]], 
 
    [[ 4, 5, 6, 7], 
    [12, 13, 14, 15]]]) 

结果是如何得到的呢?

每一个元素都分析一下,0位置在[0,0,0],转置为[1,0,2],相当于把原来位置在[0,1,2]的转置到[1,0,2],对0来说,位置转置后为[0,0,0],同理,对1 [0,0,1]来说,转置后为[0,0,1],同理我们写出所有如下:

其中第一列是值,第二列是转置前位置,第三列是转置后,看到转置后位置,再看如上的结果,是不是就豁然开朗了?

0 [0,0,0] [0,0,0]
1 [0,0,1] [0,0,1]
2 [0,0,2] [0,0,2]
3 [0,0,3] [0,0,3]
4 [0,1,0] [1,0,0]
5 [0,1,1] [1,0,1]
6 [0,1,2] [1,0,2]
7 [0,1,3] [1,0,3]
8 [1,0,0] [0,1,0]
9 [1,0,1] [0,1,1]
10 [1,0,2] [0,1,2]
11 [1,0,3] [0,1,3]
12 [1,1,0] [1,1,0]
13 [1,1,1] [1,1,1]
14 [1,1,2] [1,1,2]
15 [1,1,3] [1,1,3]

再看另一个结果:

In [20]: arr.T
Out[20]:
array([[[ 0, 8],
    [ 4, 12]],
    [[ 1, 9],
    [ 5, 13]],
    [[ 2, 10],
    [ 6, 14]],
    [[ 3, 11],
    [ 7, 15]]])
In [21]: arr.transpose(2,1,0)
Out[21]:
array([[[ 0, 8],
    [ 4, 12]],
    [[ 1, 9],
    [ 5, 13]],
    [[ 2, 10],
    [ 6, 14]],
    [[ 3, 11],
    [ 7, 15]]])

再对比转置前后的图看一下:

0 [0,0,0] [0,0,0] 
1 [0,0,1] [1,0,0] 
2 [0,0,2] [2,0,0] 
3 [0,0,3] [3,0,0] 
4 [0,1,0] [0,1,0] 
5 [0,1,1] [1,1,0] 
6 [0,1,2] [2,1,0] 
7 [0,1,3] [3,1,0] 
8 [1,0,0] [0,0,1] 
9 [1,0,1] [1,0,1] 
10 [1,0,2] [2,0,1] 
11 [1,0,3] [3,0,1] 
12 [1,1,0] [0,1,1] 
13 [1,1,1] [1,1,1] 
14 [1,1,2] [2,1,1] 
15 [1,1,3] [3,1,1] 

瞬间就明白转置了吧!其实只要动手写写,都很容易明白的。另外T其实就是把顺序全部颠倒过来,如下:

In [22]: arr3=np.arange(16).reshape(2,2,2,2)
In [23]: arr3
Out[23]:
array([[[[ 0, 1],
     [ 2, 3]],
    [[ 4, 5],
     [ 6, 7]]],
    [[[ 8, 9],
     [10, 11]],
    [[12, 13],
     [14, 15]]]])
In [24]: arr3.T
Out[24]:
array([[[[ 0, 8],
     [ 4, 12]],
    [[ 2, 10],
     [ 6, 14]]],
    [[[ 1, 9],
     [ 5, 13]],
    [[ 3, 11],
     [ 7, 15]]]])
In [25]: arr3.transpose(3,2,1,0)
Out[25]:
array([[[[ 0, 8],
     [ 4, 12]],
    [[ 2, 10],
     [ 6, 14]]],
    [[[ 1, 9],
     [ 5, 13]],
    [[ 3, 11],
     [ 7, 15]]]])

转置就是这样子,具体上面aar3转置前后的位置,就不写了。

下面说说swapaxes,轴对称。

话不多,上结果

In [27]: arr.swapaxes(1,2) 
Out[27]: 
array([[[ 0, 4], 
    [ 1, 5], 
    [ 2, 6], 
    [ 3, 7]], 
 
    [[ 8, 12], 
    [ 9, 13], 
    [10, 14], 
    [11, 15]]]) 
 
In [28]: arr.transpose(0,2,1) 
Out[28]: 
array([[[ 0, 4], 
    [ 1, 5], 
    [ 2, 6], 
    [ 3, 7]], 
 
    [[ 8, 12], 
    [ 9, 13], 
    [10, 14], 
    [11, 15]]]) 

发现了吧,其实swapaxes其实就是把矩阵中某两个轴对换一下,不信再看一个:

In [29]: arr3
Out[29]:
array([[[[ 0, 1],
     [ 2, 3]],
    [[ 4, 5],
     [ 6, 7]]],
    [[[ 8, 9],
     [10, 11]],
    [[12, 13],
     [14, 15]]]])
In [30]: arr3.swapaxes(1,3)
Out[30]:
array([[[[ 0, 4],
     [ 2, 6]],
    [[ 1, 5],
     [ 3, 7]]],
    [[[ 8, 12],
     [10, 14]],
    [[ 9, 13],
     [11, 15]]]])
In [31]: arr3.transpose(0,3,2,1)
Out[31]:
array([[[[ 0, 4],
     [ 2, 6]],
    [[ 1, 5],
     [ 3, 7]]],
    [[[ 8, 12],
     [10, 14]],
    [[ 9, 13],
     [11, 15]]]])

哈哈,只要动手做做,会发现其实没有那么困难,不能只看。

纸上得来终觉浅,绝知此事要躬行!共勉!

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