详解散列表算法与其相关的C语言实现

  #ifndef HASH_H 
  #define HASH_H 
   
  #define HASH_TABLE_INIT_SIZE 7 
   
  #define SUCCESS 1 
  #define FAILED 0 
   
   
  /** 
   * 哈希表槽的数据结构 
   */ 
  typedef struct Bucket { 
    char *key; 
    void *value; 
    struct Bucket *next; 
  } Bucket; 
   
  /** 
   * 哈希表数据结构 
   */ 
  typedef struct HashTable { 
    int size;  // 哈希表大小 
    int elem_num;  // 哈希表已经保存的数据元素个数 
    Bucket **buckets; 
  } HashTable; 
   
  int hashIndex(HashTable *ht, char *key); 
  int hashInit(HashTable *ht); 
  int hashLookup(HashTable *ht, char *key, void **result); 
  int hashInsert(HashTable *ht, char *key, void *value); 
  int hashRemove(HashTable *ht, char *key); 
  int hashDestory(HashTable *ht); 
  #endif 

  #include <stdio.h> 
  #include <stdlib.h> 
  #include <string.h> 
  #include "hash.h" 
   
  /** 
   * 初始化哈希表 
   * 
   * T = O(1) 
   * 
   */ 
  int hashInit(HashTable *ht) 
  { 
    ht->size = HASH_TABLE_INIT_SIZE; 
    ht->elem_num = 0; 
    ht->buckets = (Bucket **)calloc(ht->size, sizeof(Bucket *)); 
   
    if (ht->buckets == NULL) 
      return FAILED; 
    else 
      return SUCCESS; 
  } 
   
  /** 
   * 散列函数 
   * 
   * T = O(n) 
   * 
   */ 
  int hashIndex(HashTable *ht, char *key) 
  { 
    int hash = 0; 
   
    while (*key != '\0') { 
      hash += (int)*key; 
      key ++; 
    } 
   
    return hash % ht->size; 
  } 
   
  /** 
   * 哈希查找函数 
   * 
   * T = O(n) 
   * 
   */ 
  int hashLookup(HashTable *ht, char *key, void **result) 
  { 
    int index = hashIndex(ht, key); 
   
    Bucket *bucket = ht->buckets[index]; 
   
    while (bucket) { 
      if (strcmp(bucket->key, key) == 0) { 
        *result = bucket->value; 
        return SUCCESS; 
      } 
      bucket = bucket->next; 
    } 
   
    return FAILED; 
  } 
   
   
  /** 
   * 哈希表插入操作 
   * 
   * T = O(1) 
   * 
   */ 
  int hashInsert(HashTable *ht, char *key, void *value) 
  { 
    int index = hashIndex(ht, key); 
   
    Bucket *org_bucket, *tmp_bucket; 
    org_bucket = tmp_bucket = ht->buckets[index]; 
   
    // 检查key是否已经存在于hash表中 
    while (tmp_bucket) { 
      if (strcmp(tmp_bucket->key, key) == 0) { 
        tmp_bucket->value = value; 
        return SUCCESS; 
      } 
      tmp_bucket = tmp_bucket->next; 
    } 
   
    Bucket *new = (Bucket *)malloc(sizeof(Bucket)); 
     
    if (new == NULL)  return FAILED; 
   
    new->key = key; 
    new->value = value; 
    new->next = NULL; 
   
    ht->elem_num += 1; 
   
    // 头插法 
    if (org_bucket) { 
      new->next = org_bucket; 
    } 
   
    ht->buckets[index] = new; 
   
    return SUCCESS;  
  } 
   
  /** 
   * 哈希删除函数 
   * 
   * T = O(n) 
   * 
   */ 
  int hashRemove(HashTable *ht, char *key) 
  { 
    int index = hashIndex(ht, key); 
   
    Bucket *pre, *cur, *post; 
   
    pre = NULL; 
    cur = ht->buckets[index]; 
   
    while (cur) { 
      if (strcmp(cur->key, key) == 0) { 
        post = cur->next; 
         
        if (pre == NULL) { 
          ht->buckets[index] = post; 
        } else { 
          pre->next = post; 
        } 
   
        free(cur); 
   
        return SUCCESS; 
      } 
   
      pre = cur; 
      cur = cur->next; 
    } 
   
    return FAILED; 
  } 
   
  /** 
   * 哈希表销毁函数 
   * 
   * T = O(n) 
   */ 
  int hashDestory(HashTable *ht) 
  { 
    int i; 
    Bucket *cur, *tmp; 
   
    cur = tmp = NULL; 
   
    for (i = 0; i < ht->size; i ++) { 
      cur = ht->buckets[i]; 
   
      while (cur) { 
        tmp = cur->next; 
        free(cur); 
        cur = tmp; 
      } 
    } 
   
    free(ht->buckets); 
   
    return SUCCESS; 
  } 

  #include <stdio.h> 
  #include <stdlib.h> 
  #include <string.h> 
  #include <assert.h> 
  #include "hash.h" 
   
  int main(int argc, char **argv) 
  { 
    HashTable *ht = (HashTable *)malloc(sizeof(HashTable)); 
    int result = hashInit(ht); 
   
    assert(result == SUCCESS); 
   
    /* Data */ 
    int int1 = 10; 
    int int2 = 20; 
    char str1[] = "Hello World!"; 
    char str2[] = "Value"; 
    char str3[] = "Hello New World!"; 
   
    /* to find data container */ 
    int *j = NULL; 
    char *find_str = NULL; 
   
    /* Test Key Insert */ 
    printf("Key Insert:\n"); 
    hashInsert(ht, "FirInt", &int1); 
    hashInsert(ht, "FirStr", str1); 
    hashInsert(ht, "SecStr", str2); 
    printf("Pass Insert\n"); 
   
    /* Test Key Lookup*/ 
    printf("Key Lookup:\n"); 
    result = hashLookup(ht, "FirStr", &find_str); 
    assert(result == SUCCESS); 
    printf("pass lookup, the value is %s\n", find_str); 
   
    /* Test Update */ 
    printf("Key Update:\n"); 
    hashInsert(ht, "FirStr", str3); 
    result = hashLookup(ht, "FirStr", &find_str); 
    assert(result == SUCCESS); 
    printf("pass update, the value is %s\n", find_str); 
   
    return 0; 
  } 

gcc -Wall -g -o main test.c hash.c