C语言实现的双链表功能完整示例

#ifndef __DLIST_H__
#define __DLIST_H__
#include<cstdio>
#include<malloc.h>
#include<assert.h>
typedef int ElemType;
typedef struct Node {
  ElemType data;
  struct Node *prio;
  struct Node *next;
}Node,*PNode;
typedef struct List {
  PNode first;
  PNode last;
  size_t size;
}List;
void InitDlist(List *list);//初始化双链表
void push_back(List *list, ElemType x);//在双链表的末尾插入元素
void push_front(List *list, ElemType x);//在双链表的头部插入元素
void show_list(List *list);//打印双链表
void pop_back(List *list);//删除双链表的最后一个元素
void pop_front(List *list);//删除双链表的第一个元素
void insert_val(List *list, ElemType val);//将数据元素插入到双链表中（要求此时双链表中的数据元素顺序排列）
Node* find(List *list, ElemType x);//查找双链表中数据值为x的结点
int length(List *list);//求双链表的长度
void delete_val(List *list, ElemType x);//按值删除双链表中的某个数据元素
void sort(List *list);//对双链表进行排序
void reverse(List *list);//逆置双链表
void clear(List *list);//清除双链表
void destroy(List *list);//摧毁双链表
//优化
Node* _buynode(ElemType x);//创建结点
#endif

#include"Dlist.h"
Node* _buynode(ElemType x) {
  Node *s = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
  assert(s != NULL);
  s->data = x;
  s->prio = s->next = NULL;
  return s;
}
void InitDlist(List *list) {
  Node *s = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
  assert(s != NULL);
  list->first = list->last = s;
  list->first->prio = NULL;
  list->last->next = NULL;
  list->size = 0;
}
void push_back(List *list, ElemType x) {
  Node *s = _buynode(x);
  s->prio = list->last;
  list->last->next = s;
  list->last = s;
  list->size++;
}
void push_front(List *list,ElemType x) {
  Node *s = _buynode(x);
  if (list->first == list->last) {
    s->prio = list->first;
    list->first->next = s;
    list->last = s;
  }
  else {
    s->next = list->first->next;
    s->next->prio = s;
    s->prio = list->first;
    list->first->next = s;
  }
  list->size++;
}
void show_list(List *list) {
  Node *p = list->first->next;
  while (p != NULL) {
    printf("%d->", p->data);
    p = p->next;
  }
  printf("Nul.\n");
}
void pop_back(List *list) {
  if (list->size == 0) return;
  Node *p = list->first;
  while (p->next != list->last)
    p = p->next;
  free(list->last);
  list->last = p;
  list->last->next = NULL;
  list->size--;
}
void pop_front(List *list) {
  if (list->size == 0) return;
  Node *p = list->first->next;
  if (list->first->next == list->last) {
    list->last = list->first;
    list->last->next = NULL;
  }
  else {
    list->first->next = p->next;
    p->next->prio = list->first;
  }
  free(p);
  list->size--;
}
void insert_val(List *list, ElemType x) {
  Node *p = list->first;
  while (p->next != NULL && p->next->data < x)
    p = p->next;
  if (p->next == NULL)
    push_back(list, x);
  else {
    Node *s = _buynode(x);
    s->next = p->next;
    s->next->prio = s;
    s->prio = p;
    p->next = s;
    list->size++;
  }
}
Node* find(List *list, ElemType x) {
  Node *p = list->first->next;
  while (p!=NULL && p->data != x)
    p = p->next;
  return p;
}
int length(List *list) {
  return list->size;
}
void delete_val(List *list, ElemType x) {
  if (list->size == 0) return;
  Node *p = find(list, x);
  if (p == NULL) {
    printf("要删除的数据不存在！\n");
    return;
  }
  if (p == list->last) {
    list->last = p->prio;
    list->last->next = NULL;
  }
  else {
    p->next->prio = p->prio;
    p->prio->next = p->next;
  }
  free(p);
  list->size--;
}
void sort(List *list) {
  if (list->size == 0 || list->size == 1) return;
  Node *s = list->first->next;
  Node *q = s->next;
  list->last = s;
  list->last->next = NULL;
  while (q != NULL) {
    s = q;
    q = q->next;
    Node *p = list->first;
    while (p->next != NULL && p->next->data < s->data)
      p = p->next;
    if (p->next == NULL) {
      s->next = NULL;
      s->prio = list->last;
      list->last->next = s;
      list->last = s;
    }
    else {
      s->next = p->next;
      s->next->prio = s;
      s->prio = p;
      p->next = s;
    }
  }
}
void reverse(List *list) {
  if (list->size == 0 || list->size == 1) return;
  Node *p = list->first->next;
  Node *q = p->next;
  list->last = p;
  list->last->next = NULL;
  while (q != NULL) {
    p = q;
    q = q->next;
    p->next = list->first->next;
    p->next->prio = p;
    p->prio = list->first;
    list->first->next = p;
  }
}
void clear(List *list) {
  if (list->size == 0) return;
  Node *p = list->first->next;
  while (p != NULL) {
    if (p == list->last) {
      list->last = list->first;
      list->last->next = NULL;
    }
    else {
      p->next->prio = p->prio;
      p->prio->next = p->next;
    }
    free(p);
    p = list->first->next;
  }
  list->size = 0;
}
void destroy(List *list) {
  clear(list);
  free(list->first);
  list->first = list->last = NULL;
}

#include "Dlist.h"
void main() {
  List mylist;
  InitDlist(&mylist);
  ElemType item;
  Node *p = NULL;
  int select = 1;
  while (select) {
    printf("*******************************************\n");
    printf("*[1] push_back    [2] push_front  *\n");
    printf("*[3] show_list    [4] pop_back   *\n");
    printf("*[5] pop_front    [6] insert_val  *\n");
    printf("*[7] find       [8] length    *\n");
    printf("*[9] delete_val    [10] sort     *\n");
    printf("*[11] reverse     [12] clear     *\n");
    printf("*[13*] destroy     [0] quit_system  *\n");
    printf("*******************************************\n");
    printf("请选择：>>");
    scanf("%d", &select);
    if (select == 0) break;
    switch (select) {
    case 1:
      printf("请输入要插入的数据（-1结束）:>");
      while (scanf("%d", &item), item != -1) {
        push_back(&mylist, item);
      }
      break;
    case 2:
      printf("请输入要插入的数据（-1结束）:>");
      while (scanf("%d", &item), item != -1) {
        push_front(&mylist, item);
      }
      break;
    case 3:
      show_list(&mylist);
      break;
    case 4:
      pop_back(&mylist);
      break;
    case 5:
      pop_front(&mylist);
      break;
    case 6:
      printf("请输入要插入的数据:>");
      scanf("%d", &item);
      insert_val(&mylist, item);
      break;
    case 7:
      printf("请输入要查找的数据:>");
      scanf("%d", &item);
      p = find(&mylist, item);
      if (p == NULL)
        printf("要查找的数据在单链表中不存在！\n");
      break;
    case 8:
      printf("单链表的长度为%d\n", length(&mylist));
      break;
    case 9:
      printf("请输入要删除的值:>");
      scanf("%d", &item);
      delete_val(&mylist, item);
      break;
    case 10:
      sort(&mylist);
      break;
    case 11:
      reverse(&mylist);
      break;
    case 12:
      clear(&mylist);
      break;
      //case 13:
      //destroy(&mylist);
      //break;
    default:
      printf("选择错误,请重新选择！\n");
      break;
    }
  }
  destroy(&mylist);
}