Django学习之文件上传与下载
时间：2020-10-09 22:42:18|栏目：Python代码|点击： 次
本文实例为大家分享了Django文件上传与下载的具体代码，供大家参考，具体内容如下
文件上传
1.新建django项目，创建应用stu: python manage.py startapp stu
2.在配置文件setting.py INSTALLED_APP 中添加新创建的应用stu
3.配置urls，分别在test\urls 和子路由stu\urls 中
#test\urls
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^student/',include('stu.urls'))
]
#stu\urls
from django.conf.urls import url
import views
urlpatterns=[
url(r'^$',views.index_view)
]
4.创建视图文件index_view.py
def index_view(request):
if request.method=='GET':
return render(request,'index.html')
elif request.method=='POST':
uname = request.POST.get('uname','')
photo = request.FILES.get('photo','')
import os
if not os.path.exists('media'): #判断是否存在文件media，不存在则创建一个
os.makedirs('media')
with open(os.path.join(os.getcwd(),'media',photo.name),'wb') as fw: #以读的方式打开目录为/media/photo.name 的文件 别名为fw
fw.write(photo.read()) #读取photo文件并将其写入(一次性读取完)
for chunk in fw.chunks:
fw.write(chunk)
return HttpResponse('注册成功')
else:
return HttpResponse('页面跑丢了,稍后再试!')
5.创建模板文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/student/" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>
<lable>姓名:<input type="text" name ='uname'></lable>
</p>
<p>
<lable>头像:<input type="file" name ='photo'></lable>
</p>
<p>
<lable><input type="submit" value="注册"></lable>
</p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
文件存在数据库中并查询所有信息
1.创建模型类
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from __future__ import unicode_literals from django.db import models # Create your models here. from django.db import models class Student(models.Model): sid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) sname = models.CharField(max_length=30) photo = models.ImageField(upload_to='img') class Meta: db_table='t_stu' def __unicode__(self): return u'Student:%s' %self.sname
2.修改配置文件setting.py 添加新内容
MEDIA_URL = '/media/' MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'media')
3.通过创建的模型类 来映射数据库表
python mange.py makemigrations stu
python mange.py migrate
4.添加新的子路由地址
urlpatterns=[ url(r'^$',views.index_view), url(r'^upload/$',views.upload_view), url(r'^show/$',views.showall_view) ]
5.在views文件中添加新的函数 showall_view()
def upload_view(request):
uname = request.POST.get('uname','')
photo = request.FILES.get('photo','')
#入库操作
Student.objects.create(sname = uname,photo=photo)
return HttpResponse('上传成功')
def showall_view(request):
stus = Student.objects.all()
return render(request,'show.html',{'stus':stus})
6.创建模板 显示查询到所有的信息
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="1" width="500px" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<th>编号</th>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>图片</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
<tr>
{% for stu in stus %}
<td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
<td>{{ stu.sname }}</td>
<td><img src="{{ MEDIA_URL}}{{ stu.photo }}"/> </td>
<td><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" >操作</a></td>
{% endfor %}
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
7.配置根路由 test\urls.py 读取后台上传的文件
from django.views.static import serve
if DEBUG:
urlpatterns+=url(r'^media/(?P<path>.*)/$', serve, {"document_root": MEDIA_ROOT}),
8.再次修改配置文件setting.py 在TEMPLATE中添加新的内容 可以获取到media中的内容
'django.template.context_processors.media'
9.访问127.0.0.1:8000/student/ 上传学生信息
访问127.0.0.1:8000/student/show/ 查看所有学生的信息
文件的下载
1.配置子路由 访问views.py 下的download_view()函数
urlpatterns=[ url(r'^$',views.index_view), url(r'^upload/$',views.upload_view), url(r'^show/$',views.showall_view), url(r'^download/$',views.download_view) ]
import os
def download_view(request):
#获取文件存放的位置
filepath = request.GET.get('photo','')
print filepath
#获取文件的名字
filename = filepath[filepath.rindex('/')+1:]
print filename
path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(),'media',filepath.replace('/','\\'))
with open(path,'rb') as fr:
response = HttpResponse(fr.read())
response['Content-Type'] = 'image/png'
# 预览模式
response['Content-Disposition'] = 'inline;filename=' + filename
# 附件模式
response['Content-Disposition']='attachment;filename='+filename
return response
2.修改show.html 文件中下载栏的超链接地址
<tr>
{% for stu in stus %}
<td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
<td>{{ stu.sname }}</td>
<td><img src="{{ MEDIA_URL}}{{ stu.photo }}"/> </td>
<td><a href="/student/download/?photo={{ stu.photo }}" rel="external nofollow" >下载</a></td>
{% endfor %}
</tr>
3.访问127.0.0.1:8000/studnet/show/ 查看学生信息
点击操作栏中的下载 即可将学生照片下载到本地
