用python简单实现mysql数据同步到ElasticSearch的教程

# -*-coding:utf-8 -*-
__author__ = "ZJL"
from sqlalchemy.pool import QueuePool
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, scoped_session
import traceback
import esconfig
# 用于不需要回滚和提交的操作
def find(func):
 def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
  try:
   return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
  except Exception as e:
   print(traceback.format_exc())
   print(str(e))
   return traceback.format_exc()
  finally:
   self.session.close()
 return wrapper
class MysqlManager(object):
 def __init__(self):
  mysql_connection_string = esconfig.mysql.get("mysql_connection_string")
  self.engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://'+mysql_connection_string+'?charset=utf8', poolclass=QueuePool,
         pool_recycle=3600)
  # self.DB_Session = sessionmaker(bind=self.engine)
  # self.session = self.DB_Session()
  self.DB_Session = sessionmaker(bind=self.engine, autocommit=False, autoflush=True, expire_on_commit=False)
  self.db = scoped_session(self.DB_Session)
  self.session = self.db()
 @find
 def select_all_dict(self, sql, keys):
  a = self.session.execute(sql)
  a = a.fetchall()
  lists = []
  for i in a:
   if len(keys) == len(i):
    data_dict = {}
    for k, v in zip(keys, i):
     data_dict[k] = v
    lists.append(data_dict)
   else:
    return False
  return lists
 # 关闭
 def close(self):
  self.session.close()

select 
 CONVERT(c.`id`,CHAR)    as id, 
 c.`code`   as code, 
 c.`project_name` as project_name, 
 c.`name`   as name, 
 date_format(c.`update_time`,'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%s')  as update_time, 
from `cc` c 
where date_format(c.`update_time`,'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%s')>='::datetime_now'; 

select 
 CONVERT(c.`id`,CHAR)    as id, 
 CONVERT(c.`age`,CHAR)    as age, 
 c.`code`   as code, 
 c.`name`   as name, 
 c.`project_name` as project_name, 
 date_format(c.`update_time`,'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%s') as update_time, 
from `bb` c 
where date_format(c.`update_time`,'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%s')>='::datetime_now'; 

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#__author__="ZJL"
# sql 文件名与es中的type名一致
mysql = {
 # mysql连接信息
 "mysql_connection_string": "root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/xxx",
 # sql文件信息
 "statement_filespath":[
  # sql对应的es索引和es类型
  {
   "index":"a1",
   "sqlfile":"aa.sql",
   "type":"aa"
  },
  {
   "index":"a1",
   "sqlfile":"bb.sql",
   "type":"bb"
  },
 ],
}
# es的ip和端口
elasticsearch = {
 "hosts":"127.0.0.1:9200",
}
# 字段顺序与sql文件字段顺序一致，这是存进es中的字段名，这里用es的type名作为标识
db_field = {
  "aa":
   ("id",
   "code",
   "name",
   "project_name",
   "update_time",
   ),
 "bb":
  ("id",
   "code",
   "age",
   "project_name",
   "name",
   "update_time",
   ),
}
es_config = {
 # 间隔多少秒同步一次
 "sleep_time":10,
 # 为了解决服务器之间时间差问题
 "time_difference":3,
 # show_json 用来展示导入的json格式数据，
 "show_json":False,
}

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#__author__="ZJL"
from sql_manage import MysqlManager
from esconfig import mysql,elasticsearch,db_field,es_config
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch
from elasticsearch import helpers
import traceback
import time
class TongBu(object):
 def __init__(self):
  try:
   # 是否展示json数据在控制台
   self.show_json = es_config.get("show_json")
   # 间隔多少秒同步一次
   self.sleep_time = es_config.get("sleep_time")
   # 为了解决同步时数据更新产生的误差
   self.time_difference = es_config.get("time_difference")
   # 当前时间,留有后用
   self.datetime_now = ""
   # es的ip和端口
   es_host = elasticsearch.get("hosts")
   # 连接es
   self.es = Elasticsearch(es_host)
   # 连接mysql
   self.mm = MysqlManager()
  except :
   print(traceback.format_exc())
 def tongbu_es_mm(self):
  try:
   # 同步开始时间
   start_time = time.time()
   print("start..............",time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(start_time)))
   # 这个list用于批量插入es
   actions = []
   # 获得所有sql文件list
   statement_filespath = mysql.get("statement_filespath",[])
   if self.datetime_now:
    # 当前时间加上时间差(间隔时间加上执行同步用掉的时间，等于上一次同步开始时间)再字符串格式化
    # sql中格式化时间时年月日和时分秒之间不能空格，不然导入es时报解析错误，所以这里的时间格式化也统一中间加一个T
    self.datetime_now = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", time.localtime(time.time()-(self.sleep_time+self.time_difference)))
   else:
    self.datetime_now = "1999-01-01T00:00:00"
   if statement_filespath:
    for filepath in statement_filespath:
     # sql文件
     sqlfile = filepath.get("sqlfile")
     # es的索引
     es_index = filepath.get("index")
     # es的type
     es_type = filepath.get("type")
     # 读取sql文件内容
     with open(sqlfile,"r") as opf:
      sqldatas = opf.read()
      # ::datetime_now是一个自定义的特殊字符串用于增量更新
      if "::datetime_now" in sqldatas:
       sqldatas = sqldatas.replace("::datetime_now",self.datetime_now)
      else:
       sqldatas = sqldatas
      # es和sql字段的映射
      dict_set = db_field.get(es_type)
      # 访问mysql，得到一个list，元素都是字典，键是字段名，值是数据
      db_data_list = self.mm.select_all_dict(sqldatas, dict_set)
      if db_data_list:
       # 将数据拼装成es的格式
       for db_data in db_data_list:
        action = {
         "_index": es_index,
         "_type": es_type,
         "@timestamp": time.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", time.localtime(time.time())),
         "_source": db_data
        }
        # 如果没有id字段就自动生成
        es_id = db_data.get("id", "")
        if es_id:
         action["_id"] = es_id
        # 是否显示json再终端
        if self.show_json:
         print(action)
        # 将拼装好的数据放进list中
        actions.append(action)
   # list不为空就批量插入数据到es中
   if len(actions) > 0 :
    helpers.bulk(self.es, actions)
  except Exception as e:
   print(traceback.format_exc())
  else:
   end_time = time.time()
   print("end...................",time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(start_time)))
   self.time_difference = end_time-start_time
  finally:
   # 报错就关闭数据库
   self.mm.close()
def main():
 tb = TongBu()
 # 间隔多少秒同步一次
 sleep_time = tb.sleep_time
 # 死循环执行导入数据，加上时间间隔
 while True:
  tb.tongbu_es_mm()
  time.sleep(sleep_time)
if __name__ == '__main__':
 main()