Python处理字符串的常用函数实例总结
时间:2022-11-07 09:37:33|栏目:Python代码|点击: 次
前言
今天我们说了字符串的基础,格式化,这次我们讲解字符串的常用函数,不要错过!
前两篇都在本文同个专栏,欢迎关注。下面开始讲解。
字符串都有哪些操作?
实际开发都有这些需求:
第一大类:判断识别字符串
- 判断字符串属于那种字面类型(数字,全字母,其他)
- 判断字符串包含某些结构(数字大写,局部子串,子串出现频次等)
第二类:字符串编辑的操作(生成新字符串)
- 字符串的替换/合并/填充等
- 字典替换,填充0值,清空操作等
第三类:字符串跟字节串的互转。
这类操作通常发生在数据跨程序/跨服务器传输,我们传输bytes,然后获取转string类型。
第一类 判断识别字符串
学委准备了下面的代码:
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # @Time : 2021/10/30 10:13 上午 # @Author : LeiXueWei # @CSDN/Juejin/Wechat: 雷学委 # @XueWeiTag: CodingDemo # @File : string_funs_cat1.py # @Project : hello import sys slogan = "keep studying, keep coding, I am Levin" # 判断结构 print("算某个子串出现数次: slogan.count('keep') = ", slogan.count('keep')) print("找某个子串首次出现的下标: slogan.find('keep') = ", slogan.find('keep')) print("找某个子串最后出现的下标: slogan.rfind('keep') = ", slogan.rfind('keep')) print("找某个子串下标: slogan.index('keep') = ", slogan.index('keep')) print("找某个子串下标: slogan.rindex('keep') = ", slogan.rindex('keep')) print("是否'keep'开头的字符串: slogan.startswith('keep') = ", slogan.startswith('keep')) print("是否'keep'结束的字符串: slogan.endswith('keep') = ", slogan.endswith('keep')) # 字符串属性相关 print("字符串长度: len(slogan) = ", len(slogan)) print("字符串是否都是空格: slogan.isspace() = ", slogan.isspace()) print("字符串是否大写: slogan.isupper() = ", slogan.isupper()) print("字符串是否小写: slogan.islower() = ", slogan.islower()) print("字符串是否为每个词首字母都大写: slogan.istitle() = ", slogan.istitle()) # 判断字符串数据类型 print("字符串是否全为字母: slogan.isalpha() = ", slogan.isalpha()) print("字符串是否全为数字: slogan.isalnum() = ", slogan.isalnum()) print("字符串是否数字: slogan.isnumeric() = ", slogan.isnumeric()) print("字符串是否浮点数: slogan.isdecimal() = ", slogan.isdecimal()) print("字符串是否为空格串: slogan.isspace() = ", slogan.isspace())
读者可以直接复制运行代码,学委补充了运行效果图:
第二类 字符串编辑的操作
下面学委准备了一些代码展示:
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # @Time : 2021/10/30 10:13 上午 # @Author : LeiXueWei # @CSDN/Juejin/Wechat: 雷学委 # @XueWeiTag: CodingDemo # @File : string_funs_cat2.py # @Project : hello import sys slogan = "keep studying, keep coding, I am Levin" print("首字母大写: slogan.capitalize() = ", slogan.capitalize()) print("全部字母大写: slogan.upper() = ", slogan.upper()) print("全部字母小写: slogan.lower() = ", slogan.lower()) print("转为首字母都大写(标题风格): slogan.title() = ", slogan.title()) print("大小写逆转: slogan.swapcase() = ", slogan.swapcase()) table = slogan.maketrans({"e": "5"}) print("字符串替换表: slogan.translate(table) = ", slogan.translate(table)) # 字符串替换,合并,填充等 print("替换tabs为n个空格: 'hello\t学委'.expandtabs(4) = '", "hello\t学委".expandtabs(4)) print("左子串来串联传入的列表: ' '.join(slogan) = '", " ".join(slogan)) print("替换子串: ' '.replace(first, second) = '", slogan.replace("e", "11")) print("填充0值: slogan.rzfill(2)= '", slogan.zfill(50)) print("填充#值: slogan.rjust(50,"#")= '", slogan.rjust(50,"#")) print("填充#值: slogan.ljust(50,"#")= '", slogan.ljust(50,"#")) print("移除首尾空格: slogan.strip()= '", slogan.strip()) data = slogan.split("e") print("split slogan into data= ", data)
运行效果如下:
第三类:字符串跟字节串的互转
下面学委准备了一些代码展示:
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # @Time : 2021/10/30 10:13 上午 # @Author : LeiXueWei # @CSDN/Juejin/Wechat: 雷学委 # @XueWeiTag: CodingDemo # @File : string_funs_cat3.py # @Project : hello import sys slogan = "keep studying, keep coding, I am Levin" bytes = slogan.encode("utf-8") print("type of encoded string = ", type(bytes)) # 注意python的string类型没有decode函数,该函数属于bytes类型对象特有!!! print("type of decoded byte = ", type(bytes.decode("utf-8"))) print("type of decoded byte = ", bytes.decode("utf-8"))
运行效果如下:
总结
其实学委还漏了几个函数,但是不想介绍它们了。
学习编程不是去记忆,但是也并非啥都不看都靠感觉。
我喜欢下面这句话:
读书破万卷,下笔如有神!
精心准备的代码,读者运行一下,自己感悟!(注释写的很清楚了)
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