Python中scrapy下载保存图片的示例
时间：2022-09-18 11:12:38|栏目：Python代码|点击： 次
在日常爬虫练习中，我们爬取到的数据需要进行保存操作，在scrapy中我们可以使用ImagesPipeline这个类来进行相关操作，这个类是scrapy已经封装好的了，我们直接拿来用即可。
在使用ImagesPipeline下载图片数据时，我们需要对其中的三个管道类方法进行重写，其中 ― get_media_request 是对图片地址发起请求
― file path 是返回图片名称
― item_completed 返回item,将其返回给下一个即将被执行的管道类
那具体代码是什么样的呢，首先我们需要在pipelines.py文件中，导入ImagesPipeline类，然后重写上述所说的3个方法：
from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipeline
import scrapy
import os
class ImgsPipLine(ImagesPipeline):
def get_media_requests(self, item, info):
yield scrapy.Request(url = item['img_src'],meta={'item':item})
#返回图片名称即可
def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None):
item = request.meta['item']
print('########',item)
filePath = item['img_name']
return filePath
def item_completed(self, results, item, info):
return item
方法定义好后，我们需要在settings.py配置文件中进行设置，一个是指定图片保存的位置IMAGES_STORE = 'D:\\ImgPro'，然后就是启用“ImgsPipLine”管道，
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'imgPro.pipelines.ImgsPipLine': 300, #300代表优先级，数字越小优先级越高
}
设置完成后，我们运行程序后就可以看到“D:\\ImgPro”下保存成功的图片。
完整代码如下：
spider文件代码：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from imgPro.items import ImgproItem
class ImgSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'img'
allowed_domains = ['www.521609.com']
start_urls = ['http://www.521609.com/daxuemeinv/']
def parse(self, response):
#解析图片地址和图片名称
li_list = response.xpath('//div[@class="index_img list_center"]/ul/li')
for li in li_list:
item = ImgproItem()
item['img_src'] = 'http://www.521609.com/' + li.xpath('./a[1]/img/@src').extract_first()
item['img_name'] = li.xpath('./a[1]/img/@alt').extract_first() + '.jpg'
# print('***********')
# print(item)
yield item
items.py文件
import scrapy
class ImgproItem(scrapy.Item):
# define the fields for your item here like:
# name = scrapy.Field()
img_src = scrapy.Field()
img_name = scrapy.Field()
pipelines.py文件
from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipeline
import scrapy
import os
from imgPro.settings import IMAGES_STORE as IMGS
class ImgsPipLine(ImagesPipeline):
def get_media_requests(self, item, info):
yield scrapy.Request(url = item['img_src'],meta={'item':item})
#返回图片名称即可
def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None):
item = request.meta['item']
print('########',item)
filePath = item['img_name']
return filePath
def item_completed(self, results, item, info):
return item
settings.py文件
import random
BOT_NAME = 'imgPro'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['imgPro.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'imgPro.spiders'
IMAGES_STORE = 'D:\\ImgPro' #文件保存路径
LOG_LEVEL = "WARNING"
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
#设置user-agent
USER_AGENTS_LIST = [
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_0) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24"
]
USER_AGENT = random.choice(USER_AGENTS_LIST)
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
'Accept-Language': 'en',
# 'User-Agent':"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36",
'User-Agent':USER_AGENT
}
#启动pipeline管道
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'imgPro.pipelines.ImgsPipLine': 300,
}
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