Python Pygame实战之飞机大战的实现

import pygame
 
 
SCREEN_RECT = pygame.Rect(0, 0, 512, 768)   # 用一个常量来存储屏幕的位置和大小,常量用全大写表示
SCREEN_CENTER = [SCREEN_RECT.width/2, SCREEN_RECT.height/2]
 
CREATE_ENEMY_EVENT = pygame.USEREVENT       # 敌机事件定时器常量值
OWN_FIRE_EVENT = pygame.USEREVENT + 1       # 发射子弹定时器常量值
BONUS_ENEMY_EVENT = pygame.USEREVENT + 2    # 加分敌机的定时器常量值
STAR_ENEMY_EVENT = pygame.USEREVENT + 3     # 星星敌机的定时器常量值
BOSS_ENEMY_EVENT = pygame.USEREVENT + 4     # BOSS敌机的定时器常量值
BULLET_BOSS_EVENT = pygame.USEREVENT + 5    # BOSS敌机的子弹定时器常量值
 
ENEMY_TIMER = 600                           # 敌机出现的时间频率
BULLET_TIMER = 400                          # 子弹出现的时间频率
BONUS_TIMER = 5000                          # 加分敌机出现的时间频率
START_TIMER = 20000                         # 星星敌机出现的时间频率
BOSS_TIMER = 120000                         # BOSS敌机出现的时间频率
BULLET_BOSS_TIMER = 1500                    # BOSS敌机子弹出现的时间频率
 
LIFE_NUMS = 5                               # 生命值
MOVE_SPEED = 5                              # 已方飞机移动速度
STAR_ENEMY_LIFE = 6                         # 打掉星星敌机需要的子弹
BOSS_ENEMY_LIFE = 100                       # 打掉BOSS敌机需要的子弹
 
BACKGROUND = r'.\images\background.png'
GAME_OVER = r'.\images\gameover.png'
OWN_IMAGE = r'.\images\own.png'
OWN_DOWN_IMAGE = r'.\images\own_died.png'
ENEMY_RED_IMAGE = r'.\images\enemy_red.png'
ENEMY_BLUE_IMAGE = r'.\images\enemy_blue.png'
ENEMY_DOWN_IMAGE = r'.\images\enemy_down.png'
BULLET_IMAGE = r'.\images\bullet.png'
BULLET_BOSS_IMAGE = r'.\images\bullet_boss.png'
LIFE_IMAGE = r'.\images\life.png'
GOLD_COIN_IMAGE = r'.\images\bonus.png'
STAR_IMAGE = r'.\images\star.png'
READY_IMAGE = r'.\images\ready.png'
BOSS_IMAGE = r'.\images\boss.png'
LOGO_IMAGE = r'.\images\logo.ico'
 
SYS_FONT = r'.\fonts\BOLDER.ttf'
GAME_NAME = '小飞机'
 
FPS = 60            # 屏幕刷新频率

import threading
from sprites import *
from initialize import *
 
 
# noinspection PyPep8Naming
# 主游戏类
class PlaneGame(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.score = 0
        self.bullet_grade = 1   # 初始的子弹等级
        self.boss_flag = 0      # 判断BOSS是否出现
        self.ready_time = pygame.time.get_ticks()   # 用来控制显示ready画面的时钟
        self.star_enemy_life = STAR_ENEMY_LIFE      # 星星敌机需要几颗子弹
        self.boss_enemy_life = BOSS_ENEMY_LIFE      # BOSS敌机需要几颗子弹
        self.bullet_type = {1: 'One', 2: 'Two', 3: 'Three', 4: 'Four'}
        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode(SCREEN_RECT.size)
        logo = pygame.image.load(LOGO_IMAGE)        # 设置游戏窗口图标
        pygame.display.set_icon(logo)
        pygame.display.set_caption(GAME_NAME)       # 设置游戏窗口名称
 
        self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()  # 创建游戏时钟
        self.__createSprite()  # 调用私有方法, 创建精灵和组
 
        pygame.time.set_timer(CREATE_ENEMY_EVENT, ENEMY_TIMER)  # 设置定时器事件
        pygame.time.set_timer(OWN_FIRE_EVENT, BULLET_TIMER)
        pygame.time.set_timer(BONUS_ENEMY_EVENT, BONUS_TIMER)
        pygame.time.set_timer(STAR_ENEMY_EVENT, START_TIMER)
        pygame.time.set_timer(BOSS_ENEMY_EVENT, BOSS_TIMER)
        pygame.time.set_timer(BULLET_BOSS_EVENT, BULLET_BOSS_TIMER)
        self.life_num = LIFE_NUMS
 
    def __createSprite(self):
        """ 私有方法，创建精灵和组 """
        bg1 = BackGround(BACKGROUND)                    # 创建背景和组
        bg2 = BackGround(BACKGROUND)
        bg2.rect.y = -bg2.rect.height                   # ???
        self.back_group = pygame.sprite.Group(bg1, bg2)
 
        self.ready_go_group = pygame.sprite.Group()     # 创建ready组
        self.ready_go_group.add(ReadyGo())
        self.enemy_red_group = pygame.sprite.Group()    # 创建红色敌机组
        self.enemy_down_group = pygame.sprite.Group()   # 创建被击中敌机组
        self.bonus_enemy_group = pygame.sprite.Group()  # 创建加分敌机组
        self.gold_coin_group = pygame.sprite.Group()    # 创建金币组
        self.star_enemy_group = pygame.sprite.Group()   # 创建星星敌机组
 
        self.boss_enemy = EnemyBoss()                   # ???
        self.boss_enemy_group = pygame.sprite.Group()   # 创建BOSS敌机组
        self.bullet_boss_group = pygame.sprite.Group()  # 创建BOSS子弹组
 
        self.star_coin_group = pygame.sprite.Group()    # 创建星星组
        self.own_died_group = pygame.sprite.Group()     # 创建自己死亡飞机的组
        self.__resetOwn()                               # 创建自己的飞机和组
 
    def start(self):
        """ 游戏开始 """
        while True:
            self.clock.tick(FPS)        # 刷新帧率
            self.__eventHandler()       # 事件监听
            self.__checkCollide()       # 碰撞检测
            self.__updateSprites()      # 更新/绘制画面
 
            pygame.display.update()     # 更新屏幕显示
            self.__gameOver()           # 游戏结束
 
    def __eventHandler(self):
        """ 事件监听(监听定时器常量) """
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:  # 判断是否退出游戏
                PlaneGame.quit()
            elif event.type == CREATE_ENEMY_EVENT:  # 当事件值等于CREATE_ENEMY_EVENT时，将敌机精灵添加到组
                enemy = EnemyRed()
                self.enemy_red_group.add(enemy)
            elif event.type == BONUS_ENEMY_EVENT:  # 当事件值等于BONUS_ENEMY_EVENT时，将加分敌机加入到组
                bonus_enemy = EnemyRed()
                self.bonus_enemy_group.add(bonus_enemy)
            elif event.type == STAR_ENEMY_EVENT:  # 当事件值等于STAR_ENEMY_EVENT时，将星星敌机加入到组
                self.star_enemy_life = STAR_ENEMY_LIFE  # 赋予新的星星敌机生命值
                star_enemy = EnemyBlue()
                self.star_enemy_group.add(star_enemy)
 
            elif event.type == BOSS_ENEMY_EVENT:  # 当事件值等于BOSS_ENEMY_EVENT时，将BOSS敌机加入到组
                self.boss_enemy_life = BOSS_ENEMY_LIFE  # 赋予新的BOSS敌机生命值
                self.boss_enemy = EnemyBoss()            # ????
                self.boss_enemy_group.add(self.boss_enemy)
                self.boss_flag = 1          # 修改BOSS出现的flag
 
            elif event.type == OWN_FIRE_EVENT:  # 当事件值等于OWN_FIRE_EVENT时，按子弹等级开火
                for n in self.bullet_type:
                    grade = 4 if self.bullet_grade > 4 else self.bullet_grade
                    if grade == n:
                        exec('self.own.fire{}()'.format(self.bullet_type[n]))
 
            if self.boss_flag == 1:     # 如果BOSS出现，则发射子弹
                if event.type == BULLET_BOSS_EVENT:
                    self.boss_enemy.fire()
 
        keys_pressed = pygame.key.get_pressed()  # 使用键盘提供的方法获取按键, 得到一个按键元组
        if keys_pressed[pygame.K_RIGHT]:  # 按右方向键时向右移动，水平速度为4
            self.own.speed_y = 0  # 同时将垂直方向的速度变为0
            self.own.speed_x = MOVE_SPEED
        elif keys_pressed[pygame.K_LEFT]:  # 按左方向键时向右移动，水平速度为4
            self.own.speed_y = 0
            self.own.speed_x = -MOVE_SPEED
        elif keys_pressed[pygame.K_UP]:  # 按上方向键时向右移动，垂直速度为-4
            self.own.speed_x = 0  # 同时将水平方向的速度变为0
            self.own.speed_y = -MOVE_SPEED
        elif keys_pressed[pygame.K_DOWN]:  # 按下方向键时向右移动，垂直速度为4
            self.own.speed_x = 0
            self.own.speed_y = MOVE_SPEED
        elif keys_pressed[pygame.K_SPACE]:  # 按空格键时暂停游戏
            self.__gamePause(True)
        else:  # 按其他键或不按时不移动
            self.own.speed_x = 0
            self.own.speed_y = 0
 
    def __checkCollide(self):
        """ 碰撞检测 """
        # 当子弹和敌机碰撞，敌机爆炸，得分加1，groupcollide()是精灵基类中的方法，返回一个字典，子弹是键，敌机是值
        killers = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.own.bullets, self.enemy_red_group, True, True)  # 子弹摧毁敌机
        if len(killers) > 0:  # 如果返回值长度大于0时，得分加1
            self.score += 1
            enemy_down = SpriteDown(ENEMY_DOWN_IMAGE, list(killers.keys())[0].rect, 0)  # 取出碰撞字典中的键用来定位显示爆炸
            self.enemy_down_group.add(enemy_down)
 
        # 当敌机和已机碰撞，飞机数量减1，1秒后重新显示一架飞机
        died_1 = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.enemy_red_group, self.own_group, True, True)       # 敌机撞毁自己飞机
        died_2 = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.bonus_enemy_group, self.own_group, True, True)     # 加分敌机撞毁自己飞机
        died_3 = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.star_enemy_group, self.own_group, True, True)      # 星星敌机撞毁自己飞机
        died_4 = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.boss_enemy.bullets, self.own_group, True, True)    # BOSS敌机子弹击毁已机
        died_5 = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.boss_enemy_group, self.own_group, True, True)      # BOSS敌机撞毁已机
        died_owns = {**died_1, **died_2, **died_3, **died_4, **died_5}  # 合并字典
        if len(died_owns) > 0:  # 列表有内容代表发生碰撞了
            self.life_num -= 1  # 飞机数量减1
            own_died = SpriteDown(OWN_DOWN_IMAGE, list(died_owns.keys())[0].rect, 0)
            self.own_died_group.add(own_died)
            self.s = threading.Timer(1, self.__resetOwn)  # 设置一个多线程定时调用函数，1秒后开始执行
            self.s.start()
 
        # 当子弹和加分敌机碰撞，出现金币继续下落
        bonus_enemies = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.own.bullets, self.bonus_enemy_group, True, True)
        if len(bonus_enemies) > 0:
            self.score += 1
            gold_coin = SpriteDown(GOLD_COIN_IMAGE, list(bonus_enemies.keys())[0].rect, 1)
            self.gold_coin_group.add(gold_coin)
 
        # 当已机和硬币碰撞，得分+5，金币消失
        gold = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.gold_coin_group, self.own_group, True, False)
        if len(gold) > 0:
            self.score += 5
 
        # 当子弹和星星敌机碰撞，子弹消失，超过n颗子弹后出现星星继续下落
        if self.star_enemy_life <= 0:
            star_enemy = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.own.bullets, self.star_enemy_group, True, True)
            if len(star_enemy) > 0:
                self.score += 5
                star_coin = SpriteDown(STAR_IMAGE, list(star_enemy.keys())[0].rect, 1)
                self.star_coin_group.add(star_coin)
        else:
            star_enemies = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.own.bullets, self.star_enemy_group, True, False)
            if len(star_enemies) > 0:
                self.star_enemy_life -= 1
 
        # 当子弹和BOSS敌机碰撞，子弹消失，超过n颗子弹后BOSS敌机爆炸
        if self.boss_enemy_life <= 0:
            boss_enemy = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.own.bullets, self.boss_enemy_group, True, True)
            if len(boss_enemy) > 0:
                self.score += 300
                enemy_down = SpriteDown(ENEMY_DOWN_IMAGE, list(boss_enemy.keys())[0].rect, 1)
                self.enemy_down_group.add(enemy_down)
                self.boss_flag = 0
        else:
            boss_enemies = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.own.bullets, self.boss_enemy_group, True, False)
            if len(boss_enemies) > 0:
                self.boss_enemy_life -= 1
 
        # 当已机和星星碰撞，得分+10，子弹等级+1
        star = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.star_coin_group, self.own_group, True, False)
        if len(star) > 0:
            self.score += 10
            self.bullet_grade += 1
 
    def __resetOwn(self):
        """ 自己飞机重生 """
        self.own = Own()  # 创建自己的飞机精灵和精灵组
        self.own_group = pygame.sprite.Group(self.own)
        self.bullet_grade = 1  # 初始的子弹等级
 
    def __infoDisplay(self, text, pos, angle):
        """
        -- 显示游戏信息
        :param text: 文字内容
        :param pos: 位置[x, y]
        :param angle: 用来定位的角
        :return:
        """
        score_font = pygame.font.Font(SYS_FONT, 24)
        score_text = score_font.render(text, True, (255, 255, 255))
        text_rect = score_text.get_rect()
        exec('text_rect.{}={}'.format(angle, pos))
        self.screen.blit(score_text, text_rect)
 
    def __updateSprites(self):
        """ 更新/绘制精灵组 """
        self.back_group.update()
        self.back_group.draw(self.screen)
 
        self.__infoDisplay('score ' + str(self.score), [20, 10], 'topleft')
        self.__infoDisplay('level 01', [492, 10], 'topright')
        self.__infoDisplay('life ' + str(self.life_num), [230, 10], 'topleft')
 
        if pygame.time.get_ticks() < self.ready_time + 3000:    # 显示ready画面3秒
            self.ready_go_group.update()
            self.ready_go_group.draw(self.screen)
 
        if pygame.time.get_ticks() > self.ready_time + 4000:    # ready画面1秒后开始显示游戏元素
            self.enemy_red_group.update()
            self.enemy_red_group.draw(self.screen)    # 显示敌机
            self.bonus_enemy_group.update()
            self.bonus_enemy_group.draw(self.screen)  # 显示加分敌机
            self.star_enemy_group.update()
            self.star_enemy_group.draw(self.screen)  # 显示星星敌机
            self.boss_enemy_group.update()
            self.boss_enemy_group.draw(self.screen)  # 显示BOSS敌机
            self.enemy_down_group.update()
            self.enemy_down_group.draw(self.screen)  # 显示敌机爆炸
            self.own.bullets.update()
            self.own.bullets.draw(self.screen)      # 显示已方子弹
 
            self.boss_enemy.bullets.update()
            self.boss_enemy.bullets.draw(self.screen)  # 显示BOSS子弹
 
            self.own_died_group.update()
            self.own_died_group.draw(self.screen)  # 显示已方飞机爆炸
            self.gold_coin_group.update()
            self.gold_coin_group.draw(self.screen)  # 显示金币
            self.star_coin_group.update()
            self.star_coin_group.draw(self.screen)  # 显示星星
            self.own_group.update()
            self.own_group.draw(self.screen)  # 显示已方飞机
 
    def __gamePause(self, pause=False):
        """ 暂停游戏， 按任意键退出"""
        self.__infoDisplay('Any key to continue...', SCREEN_CENTER, 'center')
        pygame.display.update()  # 更新屏幕显示
        while pause:
            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                    PlaneGame.quit()
                elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                    pause = False
 
    def __gameOver(self):
        """ 游戏结束，按ESC重新开始 """
        if self.life_num == 0:  # 如果飞机数量为0，退出游戏
            game_over = pygame.image.load(GAME_OVER)  # 显示GAMEOVER图片
            self.screen.blit(game_over, (50, 150))
            self.__infoDisplay('press ESC play again...', SCREEN_CENTER, 'center')
            pygame.display.update()  # 更新屏幕显示
            flag = True
            while flag:
                for event in pygame.event.get():
                    if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                        PlaneGame.quit()
                    elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                        if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:  # 按SPACE重新开始游戏
                            flag = False
                            PlaneGame().start()
 
    @staticmethod
    def quit():
        """ 静态函数，退出游戏 """
        pygame.quit()
        exit()