C语言实现学生信息管理系统（单链表）

/*copyright(c)2016.烟台大学计算机学院 
 * All rights reserved, 
 * 文件名称：text.Cpp 
 * 作者：吴敬超 
 * 完成日期：2016年7月1日 
 * 版本号：codeblock 
 * 
 * 问题描述: 学生信息管理系统 
 * 输入描述: 
 * 程序输出： 输出结果 
 */ 
 
#include <stdio.h> 
#include <stdlib.h> 
#include <string.h> 
#include <windows.h> 
#include <time.h> 
# define LEN sizeof(struct Student) 
struct Student { 
char num[100];   //学号 
char name[200];  //姓名 
char sex[100];  //性别 
int age;   //年龄 
char phone[120];  //电话 
char address[120]; //地址 
char birthday[200]; //生日 
char mail[200] ; //邮件 
struct Student *next; 
}; 
void menu(); 
void start(); 
void welcome(); 
char filename[30];//全局变量，用来保存要打开的文件名字 
struct Student *Creat(int n); 
//生成链表 
struct Student *Creat(int n) 
{ 
 void menu_print_in(void); 
 struct Student *head; 
 struct Student *p1, *p2; 
 
 system("cls"); 
 for(int i=1;i<n+1;i++) { 
 p1 = (struct Student*)malloc(LEN); 
 menu_print_in(); 
 scanf("%s%s%s%d%s%s%s%s",p1->num,p1->name,p1->sex, 
 &p1->age,p1->phone,p1->address,p1->birthday,p1->mail); 
 p1->next = NULL; 
 if(i==1) 
 { 
  head = p2 = p1; 
 } 
 else { 
  p2->next = p1; 
  p2 = p1; 
 } 
 } 
 return(head); 
} 
 
//数据存盘(wb只写) 
void WriteData_wb(struct Student *head) { 
 FILE *fp; 
 struct Student *p; 
 if((fp = fopen(filename, "wb"))==NULL) 
 printf("\a 文件打开错误"); 
 p = head; 
 while(p!=NULL) { 
 if(fwrite(p,LEN,1,fp)!=1) { 
  printf("写入数据出错\n"); 
  fclose(fp); 
  return; 
 } 
 p=p->next; 
 } 
 fclose(fp); 
} 
 
//数据存盘(ab追加) 
void WriteData_ab(struct Student *head) 
{ 
 FILE *fp; 
 struct Student *p; 
 if((fp = fopen(filename, "ab"))==NULL) 
 printf("\a 文件打开错误!"); 
 p = head; 
 while(p!=NULL) { 
 if(fwrite(p,LEN,1,fp)!=1) { 
  printf("写入数据出错\n"); 
  fclose(fp); 
  return; 
 } 
 p=p->next; 
 } 
 fclose(fp); 
} 
 
 
//读取数据文件保存到链表中 ，返回指向此链表头指针 
struct Student *ReadData(void) 
{ 
 struct Student *head = NULL; 
 struct Student *p1, *p2;//s = p1;p = p2; 
 
 FILE *fp; 
 if((fp=fopen(filename,"rb+"))==NULL) 
 { 
 printf("打开文件出错\n"); 
 exit(0); 
 } 
 while(!feof(fp)) { 
 if((p1=(struct Student*)malloc(LEN))==NULL){ 
  printf("内存申请出错\n"); 
  fclose(fp); 
  exit(0); 
 } 
 if(fread(p1,LEN,1,fp)!=1){ 
  free(p1); 
  break; 
 } 
 if(head==NULL) 
 head=p2=p1; 
 else{ 
  p2->next=p1; 
  p2=p1; 
 } 
 } 
 fclose(fp); 
 return (head); 
} 
 
//全部查询 
void display() 
{ 
 system("cls"); 
 void menu_print_out(void); 
 struct Student *p; 
 p = ReadData(); 
 menu_print_out(); 
 do 
 { 
 printf("%-10s%6s%8s%4d%13s%11s %4s %4s",p->num,p->name,p->sex, 
 p->age,p->phone,p->address,p->birthday,p->mail); 
 p = p->next; 
 printf("\n\n"); 
 }while(p!=NULL); 
 printf("\n\n"); 
} 
 
//学号查询 
int query_num() 
{ 
 system("cls"); 
 void menu_print_out(); 
 struct Student *p; 
 char str_num[10]; 
 printf("请输入您要查询的学号:"); 
 scanf("%s", str_num); 
 p = ReadData(); 
 menu_print_out(); 
 do { 
 if(strcmp(p->num,str_num)==0) { 
  printf("%-10s%6s%8s%4d%13s%11s %4s %4s",p->num,p->name,p->sex, 
 p->age,p->phone,p->address,p->birthday,p->mail); 
  printf("\n\n"); 
  return 0; 
 } 
 p = p->next; 
 }while(p!=NULL); 
 printf("数据库中没有存储您要查询的数据！\n"); 
 printf("\n\n"); 
 return 0; 
} 
 
//姓名查询 
int query_name() 
{ 
 system("cls"); 
 void menu_print_out(void); 
 struct Student *p; 
 char str_name[20]; 
 printf("请输入您要查询的姓名:"); 
 scanf("%s", str_name); 
 p = ReadData(); 
 menu_print_out(); 
 do { 
 if(strcmp(p->name,str_name)==0) 
 { 
  printf("%-8s%6s%8s%4d%13s%11s %4s %4s",p->num,p->name,p->sex, 
 p->age,p->phone,p->address,p->birthday,p->mail); 
  printf("\n\n"); 
  return 0; 
 } 
 p = p->next; 
 }while(p!=NULL); 
 printf("数据库中没有存储您要查询的数据！\n"); 
 printf("\n\n"); 
 return 0; 
} 
 
//【1】修改数据之删除记录 
int delStudent() 
{ 
 struct Student *p1, *p2, *head; 
 char str_num[20]; 
 printf("\n请输入您要删除的学号信息:"); 
 scanf("%s", str_num); 
 p1 = ReadData(); 
 p2 = p1->next; 
 head = p1; 
 while(p2!=NULL) 
 { 
 if(strcmp(p1->num,str_num)==0) { 
  WriteData_wb(p2); 
 } 
 else if(strcmp(p2->num,str_num)==0) { 
  p1->next = p2->next; 
  WriteData_wb(head); 
 } 
 p2 = p2->next; 
 p1 = p1->next; 
 } 
 if(p2!=NULL) 
 printf("数据库中没有存储您要删除的数据！\n"); 
 printf("\n\n"); 
 return 0; 
} 
 
//【2】修改数据之修改记录 
int change1() 
{ 
 void menu_print_in(void); 
 struct Student *p1, *p2, *head; 
 char str_num[20]; 
 printf("请输入您要修改的学号信息:"); 
 scanf("%s", str_num); 
 p1 = ReadData(); 
 p2 = p1->next; 
 head = p1; 
 while(p2!=NULL) 
 { 
 if(strcmp(p1->num,str_num)==0) { 
  menu_print_in(); 
  scanf("%s%s%s%d%s%s%s%s",p1->num,p1->name,p1->sex, 
 &p1->age,p1->phone,p1->address,p1->birthday,p1->mail); 
  WriteData_wb(head); 
 } 
 else if(strcmp(p2->num,str_num)==0) 
 { 
  menu_print_in(); 
  scanf("%s%s%s%d%s%s%s%s",p2->num,p2->name,p2->sex, 
 &p2->age,p2->phone,p2->address,p2->birthday,p2->mail); 
  WriteData_wb(head); 
 } 
 p2 = p2->next; 
 p1 = p1->next; 
 } 
 if(p2!=NULL) 
 printf("数据库中没有存储您要删除的数据！\n"); 
 return 0; 
} 
void start() //欢迎界面 
{ 
 system("color 1E"); 
 printf("\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t⊙    ⊙\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t⊙ 欢迎使用学生信息管理系统 ⊙\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t⊙    ⊙\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙\n"); 
 printf("\n\t\t\t\t系统开始启动.........\n"); 
 printf("===============================================================================\r"); 
 for(int i=1;i<80;i++) 
 { 
  Sleep(40); 
  printf(">"); 
 } 
 system("CLS"); 
 welcome(); 
} 
void welcome()//登录界面 
{ 
 system("CLS"); 
 system("color 2"); 
 printf("\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t★    ★\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t★ 欢迎使用学生信息管理系统 ★\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t★    ★\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t★ 设计者：吴敬超 ★\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t★    ★\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t★ 日期：2016.7.1 ★\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t★    ★\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★\n"); 
 
 printf("\n\t\t\t按任意键继续..."); 
 getchar(); 
 system("CLS"); 
 menu(); 
} 
//主菜单 
void menu() 
{ 
 void addStudent(); 
 void query(); 
 int File_name(); 
 void change(); 
 system("CLS"); 
 system("color D"); 
 printf("\t\t\t★★★★★★主菜单※※※※※\n"); 
 printf("\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t※※※※※※※※※※※※※※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※   ※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※ 1.录入学生信息 ※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※------------------------※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※ 2.查询学生信息 ※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※------------------------※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※ 3.修改学生信息 ※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※------------------------※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※ 4. 退出系统 ※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※------------------------※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※※※※※※※※※※※※※※\n"); 
 printf("\n\t\t请输入功能前的序号选择服务项目:"); 
 
 int a = 0; 
 a = getchar(); 
 
 while(a!='1'&&a!='2'&&a!='3'&&a!='4') { 
 printf("错误，请输入正确的号码!\n"); 
 putchar('\a'); 
 getchar(); 
 printf("\n\t\t请输入功能前的序号选择服务项目:"); 
 a = getchar(); 
 } 
 switch(a) { 
 case '1': File_name();addStudent(); 
 break; 
 case '2': File_name();query(); 
 break; 
 case '3': File_name();change(); 
 break; 
 case '4': exit(0); 
 break; 
 } 
 getchar(); 
} 
 
int File_name() 
{ 
 printf("\n\t\t请输入您要打开的文件:"); 
 if(scanf("%s", filename)!=1) 
 printf("\a error!"); 
 return 0; 
} 
//二级菜单之添加数据 
void addStudent() 
{ 
 int Creat_num(); 
 system("cls"); 
 getchar(); 
 system("CLS"); 
 system("color B"); 
 printf("\t\t\t★★★★★★添加数据※※※※※\n"); 
 printf("\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t※※※※※※※※※※※※※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※   ※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※ 1. 新建文件 ※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※----------------------※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※ 2. 增添数据 ※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※----------------------※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※ 3. 返回菜单 ※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※----------------------※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※※※※※※※※※※※※※\n"); 
 printf("\n\t\t请输入功能前的序号选择服务项目:"); 
 
 int a = 0; 
 a = getchar(); 
 
 while(a!='1'&&a!='2'&&a!='3') 
 { 
 printf("错误，请输入正确的号码!\n"); 
 putchar('\a'); 
 getchar(); 
 printf("\n\t\t请输入功能前的序号选择服务项目:"); 
 a = getchar(); 
 } 
 switch(a) { 
 case '1': WriteData_wb(Creat(Creat_num())); 
  printf("\n新建文件成功且数据已成功保存\n"); 
  system("pause"); 
  system("cls"); 
  addStudent(); 
 break; 
 case '2': WriteData_ab(Creat(Creat_num())); 
  printf("\n数据已成功添加\n"); 
  system("pause"); 
  system("cls"); 
  addStudent(); 
 break; 
 case '3': system("cls"); 
  getchar(); 
  menu(); 
 break; 
 } 
} 
 
//二级菜单之查询数据 
void query() 
{ 
 system("cls"); 
 getchar(); 
 while(1) 
 { 
 system("CLS"); 
 system("color C"); 
 printf("\t\t\t★★★★★查询数据※※※※※\n"); 
 printf("\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t※※※※※※※※※※※※※※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※   ※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※ 1.全部查询 ※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※------------------------※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※ 2.学号查询 ※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※------------------------※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※ 3.姓名查询 ※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※------------------------※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※ 4.返回菜单 ※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※------------------------※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※※※※※※※※※※※※※※\n"); 
 printf("\n\t\t请输入功能前的序号选择服务项目:"); 
 int a = 0; 
 a = getchar(); 
 
 while(a!='1'&&a!='2'&&a!='3'&&a!='4') 
 { 
  printf("错误，请输入正确的号码!\n"); 
  putchar('\a'); 
  getchar(); 
  printf("\n\t\t请输入功能前的序号选择服务项目:"); 
  a = getchar(); 
 } 
 switch(a) { 
  case '1': display();system("pause");getchar(); 
  break; 
  case '2': query_num();system("pause");getchar(); 
  break; 
  case '3': query_name();system("pause");getchar(); 
  break; 
  case '4': system("cls");getchar();menu(); 
  break; 
 } 
 } 
} 
int Creat_num() { 
 printf("\n\t\t请输入您要添加的数据个数:"); 
 int n; 
 if(scanf("%d", &n)!=1) { 
 printf("\a error!"); 
 } 
 return n; 
} 
//二级菜单之修改数据/ 
void change() 
{ 
 system("cls"); 
 getchar(); 
 while(1) 
 { 
 system("CLS"); 
 system("color A"); 
 printf("\t\t\t★★★★★★修改数据※※※※※\n"); 
 printf("\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t※※※※※※※※※※※※※※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※   ※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※ 1.删除记录 ※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※------------------------※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※ 2.修改记录 ※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※------------------------※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※ 3.返回菜单 ※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※------------------------※\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t※※※※※※※※※※※※※※\n"); 
 printf("\n\t\t请输入功能前的序号选择服务项目:"); 
 
 int a = 0; 
 a = getchar(); 
 
 while(a!='1'&&a!='2'&&a!='3') 
 { 
 printf("错误，请输入正确的号码!\n"); 
 putchar('\a'); 
 getchar(); 
 printf("\n\t\t请输入功能前的序号选择服务项目:"); 
 a = getchar(); 
 } 
 switch(a) { 
  case '1': delStudent(); 
  printf("\n\n已成功删除指定数据\n"); 
  system("pause"); 
  getchar(); 
  break; 
  case '2': change1(); 
   printf("\n\n已成功修改指定数据\n"); 
  system("pause"); 
   getchar(); 
  break; 
  case '3': system("cls"); 
  getchar(); 
  menu(); 
  break; 
 } 
 } 
} 
 
//输入输出提示栏 
void menu_print_in() { 
 printf("------------------------------------------------------------------------\n"); 
 printf("学号 姓名 性别 年龄 电话  地址 生日 邮件 \n"); 
 printf("------------------------------------------------------------------------\n"); 
} 
void menu_print_out(void) { 
 printf("--------------------------------------------------------------------------\n"); 
 printf("学号 姓名 性别 年龄 电话  地址 生日 邮件 \n"); 
 printf("--------------------------------------------------------------------------\n"); 
} 
 
//主函数 
int main() 
{ 
 start(); 
 return 0; 
}