Django搭建MySQL主从实现读写分离

[mysqld]
user=mysql
character-set-server=utf8
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
secure_file_priv=/var/lib/mysql
expire_logs_days=7
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
max_connections=1000

server-id=100    # 主库，同一局域网内注意要唯一
log-bin=mysql-bin # 开启二进制日志功能，可以随便取名字（二进制文件名）

[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]
user=mysql
character-set-server=utf8
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
secure_file_priv=/var/lib/mysql
expire_logs_days=7
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
max_connections=1000

server-id=101      # 从库设置server_id,注意要唯一
log-bin=mysql-slave-bin   # 开启二进制日志功能，定义名字，以备Slave作为其它Slave的Master时使用
relay_log=edu-mysql-relay-bin # relay_log配置中继日志

[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

#启动主库容器（挂载外部目录，端口映射成33307，密码设置为123456）
docker run  -di -v /home/mysql/data/:/var/lib/mysql -v /home/mysql/conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /home/mysql/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf -p 33307:3306 --name mysql-master -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:5.7
                    
#启动从库容器（挂载外部目录，端口映射成33306，密码设置为123456）
docker run  -di -v /home/mysql2/data/:/var/lib/mysql -v /home/mysql2/conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /home/mysql2/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf -p 33306:3306 --name mysql-slave -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:5.7

# 连接库
mysql -h 192.168.88.131 -P 33307 -u root -p123456

# 在主库创建用户并授权
# 创建test用户
create user 'test' identified by '123';
# 授权用户
grant all privileges on *.* to 'test' ;
# 刷新权限
flush privileges;

# 连接从库
mysql -h 192.168.88.131 -P 33306 -u root -p123456

# 命令如下
change master to master_host='192.168.88.131',master_port=33307,master_user='test',master_password='123',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',master_log_pos=0;

# 启用从库
start slave;
# 停止从库
stop slave;
# 查看从库状态
show slave status\G;
# 这两个yes表示匹配成功
    -Slave_IO_Running: Yes
    -Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

 

# 配置详解
change master to 
master_host='MySQL主服务器IP地址', 
master_user='之前在MySQL主服务器上面创建的用户名'， 
master_password='之前创建的密码', 
master_log_file='MySQL主服务器状态中的二进制文件名',   # show master status; 查看
master_log_pos='MySQL主服务器状态中的position值';  # show master status; 查看

DATABASES = {
    # 主库
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'test',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': '123456',
        'HOST': '192.168.88.131',
        'PORT': 33307,
    },
    # 从库
    'slave': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'test',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': '123456',
        'HOST': '192.168.88.131',
        'PORT': 33306,
    },
}

python manage.py migrate app01 --database=default

# 去default库写――>主库
content = models.User.objects.using('default').create(name='小杨', age='20')

# 去slave库查――>从库
content = models.User.objects.using('slave').all().first()

class Router:
    def db_for_read(self, model, **hints):
        return 'slave'

    def db_for_write(self, mode, **hints):
        return 'default'
    
    
# 更细粒度
class Router1:
    def db_for_read(self, model, **hints):
        if model._meta.model_name == 'user': # 只有User表才会去从库读
            return 'slave'
        else:
            return 'default'

    def db_for_write(self, model, **hints):
        return 'default'

DATABASE_ROUTERS = ['db_router.Router',]
# 以后只要是写操作就会用default，只要是读操作自动去slave