如何利用python写GUI及生成.exe可执行文件
时间：2022-03-24 11:36:00|栏目：Python代码|点击： 次
一.GUI(Graphical User Interface(图形用户接口))
1.导入需要用到的包
import tkinter as tk import tkinter.messagebox import copy import os
2.获取文件夹中所有图片
def get_picture(dirs):
'''获得所有图片'''
picture_list = []
for dir, dir_abs, files in os.walk(dirs):
for file in files:
if file.endswith('.png'): # 注意检查分析数据格式
picture_list.append(os.path.join(dir, file))
return picture_list
3.定义一个类windows
class Window:
button_list = []
object_list = []
pictures = get_picture("F:\\pic\\class-1\\classresnet\\data\\dangerous")
file = pictures[0]
is_show = True
index = 0
image_file = ''
4.创建窗口和frame
def __init__(self):
'''创建窗口和frame'''
self.window = tk.Tk()
self.window.title('护目镜安全检测')
self.window.geometry('600x400')
self.frame = tk.Frame(self.window)
self.frame.pack()
self.frame_l = tk.Frame(self.frame)
self.frame_r = tk.Frame(self.frame)
self.frame_l.pack(side='left')
self.frame_r.pack(side='right')
self.frame_ll = tk.Frame(self.frame_r)
self.frame_rr = tk.Frame(self.frame_r)
self.frame_ll.pack(side='left')
self.frame_rr.pack(side='right')
5.定义需要用到的函数（下一页、上一页等按钮要用到的）
def next_picture(self):
'''下一张图片'''
self.index = self.pictures.index(self.file)
self.index += 1
if self.index < len(self.pictures):
self.checkout_button()
self.file = self.pictures[self.index]
self.create_canvas(self.file)
else:
self.index = len(self.pictures) - 1
tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提示', '已近是最后一张了')
def checkout_button(self):
'''判断列表中是否只有button对象'''
object_list_copy = copy.copy(self.object_list)
for ob in self.object_list:
if ob in self.button_list:
pass
else:
b = object_list_copy.pop(self.object_list.index(ob))
b.destroy()
self.object_list = object_list_copy
def pre_picture(self):
'''上一页'''
self.index = self.pictures.index(self.file)
self.index -= 1
if self.index >= 0:
self.checkout_button()
self.file = self.pictures[self.index]
self.create_canvas(self.file)
else:
self.index = 0
tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提示', '已经是第一张了')
def show_picture(self):
'''展示图片和翻页按钮'''
self.file = self.pictures[0]
if self.is_show:
self.is_show = False
self.create_canvas(self.file)
button1 = tk.Button(self.frame_ll, text='上一张', font=('Arial', 12), width=10, height=1, bg='orange',
command=self.pre_picture, relief='ridge', )
button1.pack()
button2 = tk.Button(self.frame_rr, text='下一张', font=('Arial', 12), width=10, height=1, bg='orange',
command=self.next_picture, relief='ridge', )
button2.pack()
self.button_list.append(button1)
self.button_list.append(button2)
self.object_list.extend(self.button_list)
else:
self.is_show = True
while self.object_list:
o = self.object_list.pop()
o.destroy()
6.创建按钮、画布，调用主程序
def new_button(self):
'''创建展示按钮'''"开始检测和显示结果可在此处新添加tk.button"
tk.Button(self.frame_l, text='开始读取', font=('Arial Black', 12), width=10, height=1, bg='green',
command=self.show_picture, relief='ridge').pack()
# tk.Button(self.frame_l, text='开始检测', font=('Arial Black', 12), width=10, height=1, bg='blue',command=classresnet, relief='ridge').pack()
def create_canvas(self, file):
'''用画布展示图片'''
self.image_file = tk.PhotoImage(file=file)
canvas = tk.Canvas(self.frame_r, height=500, width=600, bg='gray')
canvas.create_image(1, 1, anchor='nw', image=self.image_file)
canvas.pack()
self.object_list.append(canvas)
def run(self):
'''主程序调用'''
self.window.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
w = Window()
w.new_button()
w.run()
效果展示
完整代码
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.messagebox
import copy
import os
# from glob2 import glob
# import main
"""Graphical User Interface(图形用户接口)"""
def get_picture(dirs):
'''获得所有图片'''
picture_list = []
for dir, dir_abs, files in os.walk(dirs):
for file in files:
if file.endswith('.png'): # 注意检查分析数据格式
picture_list.append(os.path.join(dir, file))
return picture_list
class Window:
button_list = []
object_list = []
# for pngfile in glob("F:\\pic\\class-1\\classresnet\\datas\\*.png"):
# main.image_demo()
# output_dir = "F:\\pic\\class-1\\classresnet\\data\\try" # 保存截取的图像目录
# print('图片获取完成 。。。！')
#
# main.classresnet()
pictures = get_picture("F:\\pic\\class-1\\classresnet\\data\\dangerous")
file = pictures[0]
is_show = True
index = 0
image_file = ''
def __init__(self):
'''创建窗口和frame'''
self.window = tk.Tk()
self.window.title('护目镜安全检测')
self.window.geometry('600x400')
self.frame = tk.Frame(self.window)
self.frame.pack()
self.frame_l = tk.Frame(self.frame)
self.frame_r = tk.Frame(self.frame)
self.frame_l.pack(side='left')
self.frame_r.pack(side='right')
self.frame_ll = tk.Frame(self.frame_r)
self.frame_rr = tk.Frame(self.frame_r)
self.frame_ll.pack(side='left')
self.frame_rr.pack(side='right')
def next_picture(self):
'''下一张图片'''
self.index = self.pictures.index(self.file)
self.index += 1
if self.index < len(self.pictures):
self.checkout_button()
self.file = self.pictures[self.index]
self.create_canvas(self.file)
else:
self.index = len(self.pictures) - 1
tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提示', '已近是最后一张了')
def checkout_button(self):
'''判断列表中是否只有button对象'''
object_list_copy = copy.copy(self.object_list)
for ob in self.object_list:
if ob in self.button_list:
pass
else:
b = object_list_copy.pop(self.object_list.index(ob))
b.destroy()
self.object_list = object_list_copy
def pre_picture(self):
'''上一页'''
self.index = self.pictures.index(self.file)
self.index -= 1
if self.index >= 0:
self.checkout_button()
self.file = self.pictures[self.index]
self.create_canvas(self.file)
else:
self.index = 0
tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提示', '已经是第一张了')
def show_picture(self):
'''展示图片和翻页按钮'''
self.file = self.pictures[0]
if self.is_show:
self.is_show = False
self.create_canvas(self.file)
button1 = tk.Button(self.frame_ll, text='上一张', font=('Arial', 12), width=10, height=1, bg='orange',
command=self.pre_picture, relief='ridge', )
button1.pack()
button2 = tk.Button(self.frame_rr, text='下一张', font=('Arial', 12), width=10, height=1, bg='orange',
command=self.next_picture, relief='ridge', )
button2.pack()
self.button_list.append(button1)
self.button_list.append(button2)
self.object_list.extend(self.button_list)
else:
self.is_show = True
while self.object_list:
o = self.object_list.pop()
o.destroy()
# def code_button(self):
# tk.Button(self.frame_l, text='开始检测', font=('Arial Black', 12), width=10, height=1, bg='blue',
# command=main.classresnet, relief='ridge').pack()
def new_button(self):
'''创建展示按钮'''"开始检测和显示结果可在此处新添加tk.button"
tk.Button(self.frame_l, text='开始读取', font=('Arial Black', 12), width=10, height=1, bg='green',
command=self.show_picture, relief='ridge').pack()
# tk.Button(self.frame_l, text='开始检测', font=('Arial Black', 12), width=10, height=1, bg='blue',command=classresnet, relief='ridge').pack()
def create_canvas(self, file):
'''用画布展示图片'''
self.image_file = tk.PhotoImage(file=file)
canvas = tk.Canvas(self.frame_r, height=500, width=600, bg='gray')
canvas.create_image(1, 1, anchor='nw', image=self.image_file)
canvas.pack()
self.object_list.append(canvas)
def run(self):
'''主程序调用'''
self.window.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
w = Window()
w.new_button()
w.run()
二.生成exe文件
在windows下，可以使用pyinstaller打包python程序为exe可执行程序。
1.安装pyinstaller
在cmd命令行窗口运行以下命令安装pyinstaller
pip install pyinstaller
2.打包python程序
在python程序所在目录，执行以下命令
pyinstaller -F xxx.py -w
注：如果不加-w，生成的exe文件会同时出现命令行窗口
3.运行exe文件
打包完成后，在对应目录会出现build和dist文件夹，exe文件就出现在dist文件夹，直接运行即可。
4.常用命令参数
(1) -F 指定打包后只生成一个exe格式的文件（dist文件只有一个exe格式的文件T1）
pyinstaller -F T1.py
(2) -i 改变生成程序的icon图标
pyinstaller -F -i ./my.ico T1.py
(3) -n NAME，–name=NAME 设置产生文件的名字（mypy）
pyinstaller -F -n mypy -i ./my.ico T1.py
效果展示
执行exe应用
因为是exe应用，是可执行文件了，所以直接双击运行即可，运行效果如下图所示：
总结
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栏 目：Python代码
本文标题：如何利用python写GUI及生成.exe可执行文件
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