在Linux系统上同时监控多个Oracle数据库表空间的方法
一,设计背景
由于所在公司ORACLE数据库较多,传统人工监控表空间的方式较耗时,且无法记录历史表空间数据,无法判断每日表空间增长量,在没有gridcontrol/cloudcontrol软件的情况下,笔者设计如下表空间监控方案,大家也可以根据自己的实际情况对下面的方案进行修改。
二,设计思路
通过dblink将来查询到的表空间数据集中汇总到一张表里通过crontab跑定时任务从各台服务器获取表空间使用情况信息。
三,具体实施步骤
1.所在oracle数据库ip地址信息(下面为举例说明具体情况要根据所在环境设置)
2.在tbsmonitor主机上创建tbsmonitor表空间
create tablespace tbsmonitor datafile '/opt/u01/app/oradata/tbsmonitor/tsmonitor.dbf' size 50M autoextend on;
3.在tbsmonitor和database1/database2/database3上建立tbsmonitor用户用来做表空间监控。
create user tsmonitor identified by I11m8cb default tablespace tsmonitor;
4.为了tbsmonitor用户赋权用来查找表空间使用情况。
grant resource to tbsmonitor; grant create session to tbsmonitor; grant create table to tbsmonitor; grant select on dba_data_files to tbsmonitor; grant select on dba_free_space to tbsmonitor;
5.在tbsmonitor上建立database1/ database2/ database3的tnsnames.ora连接,在tnsnames.ora文件中加入
DATABASE1 = (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.1.21.1)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA=(SID= database1))) DATABASE2 = (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.1.21.2)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA=(SID= database2))) DATABASE3 = (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.1.21.3)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA=(SID= database3)))
6.修改/etc/hosts文件,如果有dns服务器的话可以略过
10.1.21.2 database1 10.1.21.3 database2 10.1.21.4 database3
7.在tbsmonitor主机设置dblink,这样就能通过dblink从被监控服务器远程抽取表空间信息。
create database link TO_DATABASE1 connect to TSMONITOR identified by I11m08cb using 'DATABASE1'; create database link TO_DATABASE2 connect to TSMONITOR identified by I11m08cb using 'DATABASE2'; create database link TO_DATABASE3 connect to TSMONITOR identified by I11m08cb using 'DATABASE3';
8.建立tbsmonitor表,表空间统计数据将插入这张表。
create table tbsmonitor.tbsmonitor ( ipaddress VARCHAR2(200), instancename VARCHAR2(200), tablespace_name VARCHAR2(200), datafile_count NUMBER, size_mb NUMBER, free_mb NUMBER, used_mb NUMBER, maxfree NUMBER, pct_used NUMBER, pct_free NUMBER, time DATE ) tablespace tbsmonitor;
9. 在crontab中运行每日0点1分更新数据库表空间信息的脚本tbsmonitor.sh(我根据业务需要每日统计一次,大家也可以通过业务要求修改统计频率)
1 0 * * * /opt/u01/app/oracle/tbsmonitor.sh
#!/bin/bash #FileName: tbsmonitor.sh #CreateDate:2016-01-1 #version:1.0 #Discription:take the basic information to insert into the table tbs_usage # Author:FUZHOU HOT #Email:15980219172@139.com ORACLE_SID= tbsmonitor ORACLE_BASE=/opt/u01/app ORACLE_HOME=/opt/u01/app/oracle PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH;export PATH export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME date>>/opt/u01/app/oracle/tbsmonitor.sh sqlplus sys/I11m08cb as sysdba <<EOF >> /opt/u01/app/oracle/tbsmonitor.log 2>&1 @/opt/u01/app/oracle/tbsmonitor/ tbsmonitor.sql; @/opt/u01/app/oracle/tbsmonitor/database1.sql; @/opt/u01/app/oracle/tbsmonitor/database2.sql; @/opt/u01/app/oracle/tbsmonitor/database3.sql; EOF echo >> /opt/u01/app/oracle/ tbsmonitor.log
11.创建插入脚本(拿database1举例,以此类推)
/opt/u01/app/oracle/tbsmonitor/database1.sql; /opt/u01/app/oracle/tbsmonitor/database2.sql; /opt/u01/app/oracle/tbsmonitor/database3.sql; /opt/u01/app/oracle/tbsmonitor/ tbsmonitor.sql;
Sql脚本如下
insert into tsmonitor.tbsmonitor SELECT utl_inaddr.get_host_address('DATABASE1') ipaddress, (select instance_name from v$instance) instancename, df.tablespace_name, COUNT(*) datafile_count, ROUND(SUM(df.BYTES) / 1048576) size_mb, ROUND(SUM(free.BYTES) / 1048576, 2) free_mb, ROUND(SUM(df.BYTES) / 1048576 - SUM(free.BYTES) / 1048576, 2) used_mb, ROUND(MAX(free.maxbytes) / 1048576, 2) maxfree, 100 - ROUND(100.0 * SUM(free.BYTES) / SUM(df.BYTES), 2) pct_used, ROUND(100.0 * SUM(free.BYTES) / SUM(df.BYTES), 2) pct_free,sysdate time FROM dba_data_files@TO_DATABASE1 df, (SELECT tablespace_name, file_id, SUM(BYTES) BYTES, MAX(BYTES) maxbytes FROM dba_free_space@TO_DATABASE1 GROUP BY tablespace_name, file_id) free WHERE df.tablespace_name = free.tablespace_name(+) AND df.file_id = free.file_id(+) GROUP BY df.tablespace_name ORDER BY 6;
12.查看表空间使用占比可以使用如下语句(如果要查看某台机器可以带上条件where ipaddress='xxxx' and instance='xxxxx' and to_char(time,'yyyy-mm-dd')='xxxx-xx-xx')
SELECT IPADDRESS , Instancename, tablespace_name, datafile_count, size_mb "表空间大小(M)", used_mb "已使用空间(M)", TO_CHAR(ROUND((used_mb) / size_mb * 100, 2), '990.99') "使用比", free_mb "空闲空间(M)" FROM tbsmonitor. tbsmonitor order by "使用比" desc
13.查看每日增量可以使用如下脚本。(下面显示的是4-8日10.1.21.2表空间增长的情况)
select a.tablespace_name,(b.used_mb-a.used_mb) increase,a.ipaddress from (select * from tsmonitor.tbs_usage where to_char(time,'yyyy-mm-dd')='2016-01-04') a, (select * from tsmonitor.tbs_usage where to_char(time,'yyyy-mm-dd')='2016-01-08') b where a.tablespace_name=b.tablespace_name and a.IPADDRESS=b.IPADDRESS order by increase desc select * from tbsmonitor. tbsmonitor where ipaddress='10.1.21.2' and to_char(time,'yyyy-mm-dd')='2016-01-08'
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