用python标准库difflib比较两份文件的异同详解

#!/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# 20180430

import difflib
import sys
import argparse


# 读取建表语句或配置文件
def read_file(file_name):
 try:
  file_desc = open(file_name, 'r')
  # 读取后按行分割
  text = file_desc.read().splitlines()
  file_desc.close()
  return text
 except IOError as error:
  print 'Read input file Error: {0}'.format(error)
  sys.exit()


# 比较两个文件并把结果生成一份html文本
def compare_file(file1, file2):
 if file1 == "" or file2 == "":
  print '文件路径不能为空：第一个文件的路径：{0}, 第二个文件的路径：{1} .'.format(file1, file2)
  sys.exit()
 else:
  print "正在比较文件{0} 和 {1}".format(file1, file2)
 text1_lines = read_file(file1)
 text2_lines = read_file(file2)
 diff = difflib.HtmlDiff() # 创建HtmlDiff 对象
 result = diff.make_file(text1_lines, text2_lines) # 通过make_file 方法输出 html 格式的对比结果
 # 将结果写入到result_comparation.html文件中
 try:
  with open('result_comparation.html', 'w') as result_file:
   result_file.write(result)
   print "0==}==========> Successfully Finished\n"
 except IOError as error:
  print '写入html文件错误：{0}'.format(error)


if __name__ == "__main__":
 # To define two arguments should be passed in, and usage: -f1 fname1 -f2 fname2
 my_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="传入两个文件参数")
 my_parser.add_argument('-f1', action='store', dest='fname1', required=True)
 my_parser.add_argument('-f2', action='store', dest='fname2', required=True)
 # retrieve all input arguments
 given_args = my_parser.parse_args()
 file1 = given_args.fname1
 file2 = given_args.fname2
 compare_file(file1, file2)

两份文件分别是old_ddl_file和new_ddl_file，内容分别是―― 
old_ddl_file文件内容 
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE raw_tags( 
p0 string COMMENT ‘uid', 
p3 string COMMENT ‘tag name, e.g. news, games, fairs, shoopingURL', 
p4 string COMMENT ‘e.g. 0, Games', 
p11 int COMMENT ‘gender', 
dt string COMMENT ‘date, like 26/6/2017', 
action string COMMENT ‘clickmodule, click_taghead_link, clicklink') 
CLUSTERED BY ( 
dt) 
INTO 4 BUCKETS 
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED 
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ‘,' 
STORED AS INPUTFORMAT 
‘org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TextInputFormat' 
OUTPUTFORMAT 
‘org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat' 
LOCATION 
‘hdfs://hdfs-ha/apps/hive/warehouse/ksai.db/raw_tags' 
TBLPROPERTIES ( 
‘numFiles'='1', 
‘numRows'='0', 
‘rawDataSize'='0', 
‘totalSize'='70575510', 
‘transient_lastDdlTime'='1500469448')

new_ddl_file文件内容 
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE raw_tags( 
p0 string COMMENT ‘uid', 
p3 string COMMENT ‘tag name, e.g. news, games, fairs, shoopingURL', 
p4 string COMMENT ‘e.g. 0, Games', 
p11 int COMMENT ‘gender', 
dt string COMMENT ‘date, like 26/6/2017', 
action string COMMENT ‘clickmodule, click_taghead_link, clicklink') 
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED 
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ‘,' 
STORED AS INPUTFORMAT 
‘org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TextInputFormat' 
OUTPUTFORMAT 
‘org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat' 
LOCATION 
‘hdfs://hdfs-ha/apps/hive/warehouse/ksai.db/raw_tags' 
TBLPROPERTIES ( 
‘COLUMN_STATS_ACCURATE'='{\”BASIC_STATS\”:\”true\”}', 
‘numFiles'='0', 
‘numRows'='0', 
‘rawDataSize'='0', 
‘totalSize'='0', 
‘transient_lastDdlTime'='1521546069')