go 迭代string数组操作 go for string[]
go 迭代string数组,直接拷贝去用即可
package main import ( "fmt" ) func main() { subsCodes := []string{"aaaa", "vvvvv", "dddd", "eeeee", "gfgggg"} for _, s := range subsCodes { fmt.Println(s) } }
补充:golang字符串string与字符数组[]byte高效转换
string与[]byte的直接转换是通过底层数据copy实现的
var a = []byte("hello boy")
var b = string(a)
这种操作在并发量达到十万百万级别的时候会拖慢程序的处理速度
通过gdb调试来看一下string和[]byte的数据结构
(gdb) l main.main import ( "fmt" ) func main() { s := "hello, world!" b := []byte(s) fmt.Println(s, b) (gdb) b 11 Breakpoint 1 at 0x487cd9: file /export/home/machao/src/test/strbytes.go, line 11. (gdb) r Starting program: /export/home/machao/src/test/test1 Breakpoint 1, main.main () at /export/home/machao/src/test/strbytes.go:11 fmt.Println(s, b) (gdb) info locals s = { str = 0x4b8ccf "hello, world!level 3 resetload64 failednil stackbaseout of memorys.allocCount=srmount errorstill in listtimer expiredtriggerRatio=unreachable: value method xadd64 failedxchg64 failed nmidlelocked= on "..., len = 13} b = {array = 0xc4200140e0 "hello, world!", len = 13, cap = 16} (gdb) ptype s type = struct string { uint8 *str; int len; } (gdb) ptype b type = struct []uint8 { uint8 *array; int len; int cap; }
转换后 [ ]byte 底层数组与原 string 内部指针并不相同,以此可确定数据被复制。那么,如不修改数据,仅转换类型,是否可避开复制,从而提升性能?
从 ptype 输出的结构来看,string 可看做 [2]uintptr,而 [ ]byte 则是 [3]uintptr,这便于我们编写代码,无需额外定义结构类型。如此,str2bytes 只需构建 [3]uintptr{ptr, len, len},而 bytes2str 更简单,直接转换指针类型,忽略掉 cap 即可。
通过unsafe.Pointer(指针转换)和uintptr(指针运算)实现转换
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" "unsafe" ) func str2bytes(s string) []byte { x := (*[2]uintptr)(unsafe.Pointer(&s)) h := [3]uintptr{x[0], x[1], x[1]} return *(*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&h)) } func bytes2str(b []byte) string { return *(*string)(unsafe.Pointer(&b)) } func main() { s := strings.Repeat("abc", 3) b := str2bytes(s) s2 := bytes2str(b) fmt.Println(b, s2) }
没有出现逃逸现象
package main import ( "testing" "io/ioutil" "time" "fmt" ) var s, _ = ioutil.ReadFile("mydata4vipday.720.datx") func test() { b := string(s) _ = []byte(b) } func test2() { b := bytes2str(s) _ = str2bytes(b) } func BenchmarkTest(b *testing.B) { t1 := time.Now() for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { test() } fmt.Println("test", time.Now().Sub(t1), b.N) } func BenchmarkTestBlock(b *testing.B) { t1 := time.Now() for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { test2() } fmt.Println("test block", time.Now().Sub(t1), b.N) }
对比一下优化前后的性能差异
没有额外开辟内存0B/op,执行效率:5亿次耗时1.6秒,而不用unsafe.Pointer和uintptr转换300次耗时久达到了1.1秒,效率对比高下立判
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