在EF中使用MySQL的方法及常见问题
有时需要在网上租用空间或数据库,Mysql成本低一些,所以想将sql server转成mysql……
注意:在安装Mysql时要选择文字集为utf8,否则将不能使用中文(当前也可以在创建数据库时使用utf8,不过我不知道在ef生成数据库时如何设置,希望高手指点)
一、在项目中引用mysql的EF包
通过NuGet包管理器安装:EntityFramework6.1.3、MySql.Data.Entity6.9.8
也可以用nuget的命令行加入:
Install-Package MySql.Data.Entity
二、新建相关类
1、新建 User 实体类
并定义实例的字段长度,不定义的话会出现Specified key was too long;max key length is 767 bytes 的错误,这是因为string 类型直接映射到mysql 中的话是longtext,而mysql 支持最大长度为767 bytes.
public class User { public int Id { get; set; } [StringLength(30)] public string UserName { get; set; } [MaxLength(30)] public string PassWord { get; set; } }
2、新建 MyContext 类
并说明用MySql进行实现 [DbConfigurationType(typeof(MySqlEFConfiguration))]
[DbConfigurationType(typeof(MySqlEFConfiguration))] public class MyContext : DbContext { public MyContext() : base("name=MyContext")//web.config中connectionstring的名字 { } public DbSet<User> Users { get; set; } }
3、写测试代码
Database.SetInitializer(new DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges<MyContext>()); var context = new MyContext(); //插入一行值 context.Users.Add(new User { UserName = "EF6MySQL" }); context.SaveChanges();
三、配置Web.config
在<connectionStrings>中加入以下代码:
<add name="MyContext" connectionString="Data Source=localhost;port=3306;Initial Catalog=MySQL_EF;user id=root;password=root;" providerName="MySql.Data.MySqlClient" />
完整的web.config如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <configuration> <configSections> <!-- For more information on Entity Framework configuration, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=237468 --> <section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false" /> </configSections> <entityFramework> <defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.SqlConnectionFactory , EntityFramework" /> <providers> <provider invariantName="System.Data.SqlClient" type="System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer" /> <provider invariantName="MySql.Data.MySqlClient" type="MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlProviderServices, MySql.Data.Entity.EF6, Version=6.9.8.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=c5687fc88969c44d"> </provider> </providers> </entityFramework> <system.data> <DbProviderFactories> <remove invariant="MySql.Data.MySqlClient" /> <add name="MySQL Data Provider" invariant="MySql.Data.MySqlClient" description=".Net Framework Data Provider for MySQL" type="MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlClientFactory, MySql.Data, Version=6.9.8.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=c5687fc88969c44d" /> </DbProviderFactories> </system.data> <connectionStrings> <add name="MyContext" connectionString="Data Source=localhost;port=3306;Initial Catalog=MySQL_EF;user id=root;password=root;" providerName="MySql.Data.MySqlClient" /> </connectionStrings> </configuration>
最后,运行程序,完成数据库自动创建
常见问题
•出现错误提示: Specified key was too long;max key length is 767 bytes
1)查看实体的字符串类型属性是否设置了长度
2)MyContext 类中是否声明为生成为mysql 数据类型的 [DbConfigurationType(typeof(MySqlEFConfiguration))]
•出现错误提示: Model compatibility cannot be checked because the database does not contain model metadata
删除已生成的数据库后重新运行程序
•出现错误提示:序列不包含任何匹配元素
检查一下:
例如:1.
public class Employee { [Key] public int EmployeeId { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } [ForeignKey("ManagerId")] public Employee Manager { get; set; } public int ManagerId { get; set; } }[ForeignKey("ManagerId")] public Employee Manager { get; set; } public int ManagerId { get; set; }这个外键设置。
2.[Column(TypeName="VARCHAR(254)")] public string ColumnName { get; set; } 这样的定义,改成: [MaxLength(254)] [Column(TypeName="VARCHAR")] public string ColumnName { get; set; }3.(以下代码未测试,因为我不是这样用的,在下篇文章中将进行测试)
modelBuilder.Entity<Category>() .HasKey(c => c.IdCategory ) .HasOptional(p => p.Children) .WithMany() .HasForeignKey(c => c.ChildrenId);
改成:
modelBuilder.Entity<Category>() .HasKey(c => c.IdCategory ) .HasMany(p => p.Children) .WithOptional() .HasForeignKey(c => c.ChildrenId);
.WithMany()换成.WithOptional()
上一篇:浅析MySQL的lru链表
栏 目:Mysql
本文标题:在EF中使用MySQL的方法及常见问题
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