利用Builder方式创建对象示例代码
时间：2021-01-27 10:42:25|栏目：.NET代码|点击： 次
前言
在创建对象需要初始化数据，数据参数不容易区别，可传可不传的时候，可以考虑使用Builder建造方法创建。每每当看到别人写的用Bulder方式来调用，就觉得so cool，那就自己也来用Builder方式创建对象吧。
下面话不多说了，来一起看看详细的介绍吧
现在要录入一系列人员的基本信息的示例：
创建Person类
public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
private float height;
private float weight;
public Person(String name, int age, float height, float weight) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.height = height;
this.weight = weight;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public float getHeight() {
return height;
}
public void setHeight(float height) {
this.height = height;
}
public float getWeight() {
return weight;
}
public void setWeight(float weight) {
this.weight = weight;
}
}
那么创建对象就是这样，后面参数不容易看出表示的是什么，可读性不强
new Person("冯提莫",18,150,43);
new Person("温婉",17,164,48);
用Builder模式进行改造
创建一个Builder类，属性和Person类一样，加上SetXxx()方法
static class Builder{
private String name;
private int age;
private float height;
private float weight;
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public void setHeight(float height) {
this.height = height;
}
public void setWeight(float weight) {
this.weight = weight;
}
}
将Person的构造方法改为传入Builder对象，将Builder对象的属性值都赋予Person对象
public Person(Builder builder){
this.name = builder.name;
this.age = builder.age;
this.height = builder.height;
this.weight = builder.weight;
}
改造Builder类，关键步骤是将各个set方法返回Builder类对象，这样就能继续愉快地连续调用set方法了，最后调用build()创建方法返回Person对象。
static class Builder{
private String name;
private int age;
private float height;
private float weight;
public Builder setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
return this;
}
public Builder setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
return this;
}
public Builder setHeight(float height) {
this.height = height;
return this;
}
public Builder setWeight(float weight) {
this.weight = weight;
return this;
}
public Person build(){
return new Person(this);
}
}
将各个set方法的返回值类型改为Builder，每次都返回builder对象，这样才能将set方法实现连续的链式调用。
build()方法创建一个person对象，会调用Person的带参构造方法，将builder对象的属性依次赋予person对象。person中的属性值就是链式调用set方法的各个值。
使用Builder模式创建Person对象，明显看出代码可读性大大增强。注：Builder创建方式通常是在创建的对象少的情况下使用。
Person person = new Person.Builder()
.setName("莉哥")
.setAge(20)
.setHeight(162)
.setWeight(45)
.build();
总结
