springboot整合H2内存数据库实现单元测试与数据库无关性

时间：2020-12-03 16:41:59|栏目：JAVA代码|点击：次

一、新建spring boot工程

新建工程的时候，需要加入JPA，H2依赖

二、工程结构

pom文件依赖如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 
 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 
 
 <groupId>com.chhliu.springboot.h2</groupId> 
 <artifactId>springboot-h2</artifactId> 
 <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> 
 <packaging>jar</packaging> 
 
 <name>springboot-h2</name> 
 <description>Demo project for Spring Boot H2</description> 
 
 <parent> 
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> 
  <version>1.4.3.RELEASE</version> 
  <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> 
 </parent> 
 
 <properties> 
  <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> 
  <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> 
  <java.version>1.7</java.version> 
 </properties> 
 
 <dependencies> 
  <dependency> 
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> 
  </dependency> 
  <dependency> 
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> 
  </dependency> 
 
  <dependency> 
   <groupId>com.h2database</groupId> 
   <artifactId>h2</artifactId> 
   <scope>runtime</scope> 
  </dependency> 
  <dependency> 
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> 
   <scope>test</scope> 
  </dependency> 
 </dependencies> 
 
 <build> 
  <plugins> 
   <plugin> 
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 
    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> 
   </plugin> 
  </plugins> 
 </build> 
</project>

三、编写实体类

package com.chhliu.springboot.h2.entity; 
import java.math.BigDecimal; 
import javax.persistence.Column; 
import javax.persistence.Entity; 
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; 
import javax.persistence.GenerationType; 
import javax.persistence.Id; 
 
@Entity 
public class User { 
 @Id 
 @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO) 
 private Long id; 
 
 @Column 
 private String username; 
 
 @Column 
 private String name; 
 
 @Column 
 private Short age; 
 
 @Column 
 private BigDecimal balance; 
 
 ……省略gettter和setter方法 
}

四、编写dao

package com.chhliu.springboot.h2.repository; 
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; 
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; 
import com.chhliu.springboot.h2.entity.User; 
@Repository 
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> { 
 
}

五、编写controller

package com.chhliu.springboot.h2.controller; 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; 
 
import com.chhliu.springboot.h2.entity.User; 
import com.chhliu.springboot.h2.repository.UserRepository; 
 
@RestController 
public class UserController { 
 
 @Autowired 
 private UserRepository userRepository; 
 
 @GetMapping("/user/{id}")// 注意，此处使用的是GetMapping注解，该注解的作用类似与@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.GET)，@PostMapping注解同理 
 public User findById(@PathVariable Long id) { 
 return this.userRepository.findOne(id); 
 } 
}

六、配置文件

# 服务器端口号 
server.port=7900 
# 是否生成ddl语句 
spring.jpa.generate-ddl=false 
# 是否打印sql语句 
spring.jpa.show-sql=true 
# 自动生成ddl，由于指定了具体的ddl，此处设置为none 
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=none 
# 使用H2数据库 
spring.datasource.platform=h2 
# 指定生成数据库的schema文件位置 
spring.datasource.schema=classpath:schema.sql 
# 指定插入数据库语句的脚本位置 
spring.datasource.data=classpath:data.sql 
# 配置日志打印信息 
logging.level.root=INFO 
logging.level.org.hibernate=INFO 
logging.level.org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder=TRACE 
logging.level.org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor=TRACE 
logging.level.com.itmuch=DEBUG

七、启动程序

在浏览器中输入如下URL：http://localhost:7900/user/4

可以看到测试结果

{"id":4,"username":"user4","name":"马六","age":20,"balance":100.00}

说明，我们的整合是OK的

八、测试dao层

package com.chhliu.springboot.h2; 
import org.junit.Assert; 
import org.junit.Test; 
import org.junit.runner.RunWith; 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; 
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; 
import com.chhliu.springboot.h2.entity.User; 
import com.chhliu.springboot.h2.repository.UserRepository; 
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) 
@SpringBootTest 
public class SpringbootH2ApplicationTests { 
 
 @Autowired 
 private UserRepository repository; 
  
 @Test 
 public void test(){ 
  User u = repository.findOne(1L); 
  Assert.assertEquals("成功的测试用例", "张三", u.getName()); 
 } 
}

发现测试是ok的！