详解Nginx 虚拟主机配置的三种方式(基于IP)
时间：2020-12-01 12:31:08|栏目：Nginx|点击： 次
Nginx配置虚拟主机支持3种方式：基于IP的虚拟主机配置，基于端口的虚拟主机配置，基于域名的虚拟主机配置。
详解Nginx 虚拟主机配置的三种方式(基于端口) https://www.jb51.net/article/14977.htm
详解Nginx 虚拟主机配置的三种方式(基于域名) https://www.jb51.net/article/14978.htm
1、基于IP的虚拟主机配置
如果同一台服务器有多个IP，可以使用基于IP的虚机主机配置，将不同的服务绑定在不同的IP上。
1.1 假设服务器有个IP地址为192.168.2.150，首先使用ifconfig在同一个网络接口上绑定其他3个IP。
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33:1 192.168.2.151/24 up [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33:2 192.168.2.152/24 up [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33:3 192.168.2.153/24 up [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.2.106 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255 inet6 fe80::2a8d:be6:a4a8:ea0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:16:90:ae txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 1220 bytes 87955 (85.8 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 206 bytes 23755 (23.1 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 ens33:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.2.151 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255 ether 00:0c:29:16:90:ae txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) ens33:2: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.2.152 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255 ether 00:0c:29:16:90:ae txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) ens33:3: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.2.153 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255 ether 00:0c:29:16:90:ae txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback) RX packets 72 bytes 6252 (6.1 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 72 bytes 6252 (6.1 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
1.2 3个IP对应的域名如下，配置主机的host文件便于测试
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hosts [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.2.151 www.test151.com 192.168.2.152 www.test152.com 192.168.2.153 www.test153.com
可以模拟实现DNS轮询的情况。
附：设置完hosts文件后一定要记得执行以下命令使其生效
1、windows下cmd进入命令行
C:\Users\1234>ipconfig /flushdns Windows IP 配置 已成功刷新 DNS 解析缓存。
1.3 建立虚拟主机存放网页的根目录，并创建首页文件index.html
[root@localhost /]# mkdir -p /data/www [root@localhost /]# cd /data/www [root@localhost www]# mkdir 151 [root@localhost www]# mkdir 152 [root@localhost www]# mkdir 153 [root@localhost www]# echo "192.168.2.151" > 151/index.html [root@localhost www]# echo "192.168.2.152" > 152/index.html [root@localhost www]# echo "192.168.2.153" > 153/index.html [root@localhost www]# ls 151 152 153
1.4 修改nginx.conf，将虚拟主机配置文件包含进主文件
[root@localhost /]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/ [root@localhost conf]# ls fastcgi.conf fastcgi_params koi-utf mime.types nginx.conf scgi_params uwsgi_params win-utf fastcgi.conf.default fastcgi_params.default koi-win mime.types.default nginx.conf.default scgi_params.default uwsgi_params.default [root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf
在nginx.conf文件末尾加入以下配置
# 在http段中找到以下内容并删除每行前面的“#” log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; # 配置文件结尾的最后一个“}”之前加入以下语句，如下所示 include vhost/*.conf; }
1.5 编辑每个IP的配置文件（每个虚拟主机的配置文件）
[root@localhost conf]# mkdir -p vhost
[root@localhost conf]# cd vhost/
[root@localhost vhost]# cat www.test151.conf
server {
listen 192.168.2.151:80;
# 配置成实际的域名，每个虚拟主机的配置文件域名都相同
#server_name www.test.com;
access_log /data/logs/www.test151.com.log main;
error_log /data/logs/www.test151.com.error.log;
location / {
root /data/www/151;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
[root@localhost vhost]# cat www.test152.conf
server {
listen 192.168.2.152:80;
# 配置成实际的域名，每个虚拟主机的配置文件域名都相同
#server_name www.test.com;
access_log /data/logs/www.test152.com.log main;
error_log /data/logs/www.test152.com.error.log;
location / {
root /data/www/152;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
[root@localhost vhost]# cat www.test153.conf
server {
listen 192.168.2.153:80;
# 配置成实际的域名，每个虚拟主机的配置文件域名都相同
#server_name www.test.com;
access_log /data/logs/www.test153.com.log main;
error_log /data/logs/www.test153.com.error.log;
location / {
root /data/www/153;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
1.6 创建日志文件，否则无法启动nginx
[root@localhost /]# mkdir -p /data/logs [root@localhost /]# touch /data/logs/www.test151.com.log [root@localhost /]# touch /data/logs/www.test151.com.error.log [root@localhost /]# touch /data/logs/www.test152.com.log [root@localhost /]# touch /data/logs/www.test152.com.error.log [root@localhost /]# touch /data/logs/www.test153.com.log [root@localhost /]# touch /data/logs/www.test153.com.error.log [root@localhost /]# ls /data/logs/ www.test151.com.error.log www.test152.com.error.log www.test153.com.error.log www.test151.com.log www.test152.com.log www.test153.com.log
1.7 先测试配置文件然后再启动nginx
[root@localhost /]# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ [root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful # 启动nginx [root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx
1.8 测试文件
[root@localhost sbin]# curl www.test151.com 192.168.2.151 [root@localhost sbin]# curl www.test152.com 192.168.2.152 [root@localhost sbin]# curl www.test153.com 192.168.2.153
附：配置过程中出现的问题
1、测试配置文件时出现的问题
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx -t nginx: [emerg] unexpected "}" in /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:122 nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test failed
解决方法：下面语句忘记加分号
include vhost/*.conf;
2、使用 curl www.test*.com 测试时总是访问到相同的结果
解决方法：不要将IP地址写在 server_name 后面， server_name 后面只能添加域名。
