详解iOS开发 - 用AFNetworking实现https单向验证，双向验证

时间：2020-11-20 18:27:31|栏目：iOS代码|点击：次

自苹果宣布2017年1月1日开始强制使用https以来，htpps慢慢成为大家讨论的对象之一，不是说此前https没有出现，只是这一决策让得开发者始料未及，博主在15年的时候就做过https的接口，深知此坑之深，原因就是自身对这方面知识不了解加上网上的资料少，除此外还有博客不知对错就互相转载，导致当时网上几乎找不到能用的代码，这一点，博主说的毫不夸张。

鉴于此，博主一直想填一下这个坑，多增加一些正确的代码，来供广大开发者使用，后来一直被搁置，经过尝试后，博主现将整理好的代码发布在这里，希望能帮到焦急寻找的开发者。

1.先来说说老的AFNetworking2.x怎么来实现的

博主在网上看过几篇帖子，其中说的一些方法是正确的，但是却并不全对，由于那几篇博客几乎一样，博主不能确定最早的那篇是谁写的，所以就重新在下面说明下方法：

1）倒入client.p12证书；

2）在plist文件做如图配置：

3）在AFNetworking中修改一个类：

找到这个文件，在里面增加一个方法：

- (OSStatus)extractIdentity:(CFDataRef)inP12Data toIdentity:(SecIdentityRef*)identity { 
  OSStatus securityError = errSecSuccess;
  CFStringRef password = CFSTR("证书密码"); 
  const void *keys[] = { kSecImportExportPassphrase };
  const void *values[] = { password };
  CFDictionaryRef options = CFDictionaryCreate(NULL, keys, values, 1, NULL, NULL);
  CFArrayRef items = CFArrayCreate(NULL, 0, 0, NULL); 
  securityError = SecPKCS12Import(inP12Data, options, &items);
  if (securityError == 0)   
  {
    CFDictionaryRef ident = CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(items,0); 
    const void *tempIdentity = NULL; 
    tempIdentity = CFDictionaryGetValue(ident, kSecImportItemIdentity);
    *identity = (SecIdentityRef)tempIdentity;  
  } 
  if (options) {  
    CFRelease(options);  
  }
  return securityError;
}

再修改一个方法：

用下面的这段代码替换NSURLConnectionDelegate中的同名代码，

- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection
willSendRequestForAuthenticationChallenge:(NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *)challenge
{
  NSString *thePath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"client" ofType:@"p12"];
  //倒入证书    NSLog(@"thePath===========%@",thePath);
  NSData *PKCS12Data = [[NSData alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:thePath];
  CFDataRef inPKCS12Data = (__bridge CFDataRef)PKCS12Data;

  SecIdentityRef identity = NULL;
  // extract the ideneity from the certificate
  [self extractIdentity :inPKCS12Data toIdentity:&identity];

  SecCertificateRef certificate = NULL;
  SecIdentityCopyCertificate (identity, &certificate);

  const void *certs[] = {certificate};
  //            CFArrayRef certArray = CFArrayCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, certs, 1, NULL);
  // create a credential from the certificate and ideneity, then reply to the challenge with the credential
  //NSLog(@"identity=========%@",identity);
  NSURLCredential *credential = [NSURLCredential credentialWithIdentity:identity certificates:nil persistence:NSURLCredentialPersistencePermanent];

  //      credential = [NSURLCredential credentialWithIdentity:identity certificates:(__bridge NSArray*)certArray persistence:NSURLCredentialPersistencePermanent];

  [challenge.sender useCredential:credential forAuthenticationChallenge:challenge];

}

4）发起请求

 NSString *url = @"xxxxxxxxxx";
  // 1.获得请求管理者
  AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *mgr = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];
  //2设置https 请求
  AFSecurityPolicy *securityPolicy = [AFSecurityPolicy policyWithPinningMode:AFSSLPinningModeCertificate];
  securityPolicy.allowInvalidCertificates = YES;
  mgr.securityPolicy = securityPolicy;
  // 3.发送POST请求

  [mgr POST:url parameters:nil success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation * _Nonnull operation, id _Nonnull responseObject) {
    NSLog(@"responseObject: %@", responseObject);

  } failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation * _Nonnull operation, NSError * _Nonnull error) {
    NSLog(@"Error: %@", error);

  }];

到此，老版的AFNetworking请求https接口的双向验证就做完了，但是有一个问题，这里需要改动AFNetworking的代码，何况新的AFNetworking已经有了，为了保持代码的活力，老的应该摒弃的，而且更新pods后肯定替换的代码就没了，也是一个问题，不要急，下面来说说怎么用新的AFNetworking，并解决被pods更新替换代码的问题。

最后再说一点，使用老的AF来请求，只用到了client.p12文件，并没有用到server.cer，在新的里面是有用到的，猜测可能是客户端选择信任任何证书导致的，就变成了单向的验证。

Demo放在最后

2.来说说新的AFNetworking3.x怎么来实现的

1）倒入client.p12和server.cer文件

2）plist内的设置，这是和上面一样的：

3）这里可不需要修改类里面的代码，但是这里需要重写一个方法：

 NSString *url = @"https://test.niuniuhaoguanjia.com/3.0.0/?service=City.GetCityList";

  NSString *certFilePath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"server" ofType:@"cer"];
  NSData *certData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:certFilePath];
  NSSet *certSet = [NSSet setWithObject:certData];
  AFSecurityPolicy *policy = [AFSecurityPolicy policyWithPinningMode:AFSSLPinningModeCertificate withPinnedCertificates:certSet];
  policy.allowInvalidCertificates = YES;
  policy.validatesDomainName = NO;

  _manager = [AFHTTPSessionManager manager];
  _manager.securityPolicy = policy;
  _manager.requestSerializer = [AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer];
  _manager.responseSerializer = [AFHTTPResponseSerializer serializer];
  _manager.responseSerializer.acceptableContentTypes = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"application/json", @"text/json", @"text/javascript",@"text/plain", nil];
  //关闭缓存避免干扰测试r
  _manager.requestSerializer.cachePolicy = NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalCacheData;
  [_manager setSessionDidBecomeInvalidBlock:^(NSURLSession * _Nonnull session, NSError * _Nonnull error) {
    NSLog(@"setSessionDidBecomeInvalidBlock");
  }];
  //客户端请求验证 重写 setSessionDidReceiveAuthenticationChallengeBlock 方法
  __weak typeof(self)weakSelf = self;
  [_manager setSessionDidReceiveAuthenticationChallengeBlock:^NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition(NSURLSession*session, NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *challenge, NSURLCredential *__autoreleasing*_credential) {
    NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition disposition = NSURLSessionAuthChallengePerformDefaultHandling;
    __autoreleasing NSURLCredential *credential =nil;
    if([challenge.protectionSpace.authenticationMethod isEqualToString:NSURLAuthenticationMethodServerTrust]) {
      if([weakSelf.manager.securityPolicy evaluateServerTrust:challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust forDomain:challenge.protectionSpace.host]) {
        credential = [NSURLCredential credentialForTrust:challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust];
        if(credential) {
          disposition =NSURLSessionAuthChallengeUseCredential;
        } else {
          disposition =NSURLSessionAuthChallengePerformDefaultHandling;
        }
      } else {
        disposition = NSURLSessionAuthChallengeCancelAuthenticationChallenge;
      }
    } else {
      // client authentication
      SecIdentityRef identity = NULL;
      SecTrustRef trust = NULL;
      NSString *p12 = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"client"ofType:@"p12"];
      NSFileManager *fileManager =[NSFileManager defaultManager];

      if(![fileManager fileExistsAtPath:p12])
      {
        NSLog(@"client.p12:not exist");
      }
      else
      {
        NSData *PKCS12Data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:p12];

        if ([[weakSelf class]extractIdentity:&identity andTrust:&trust fromPKCS12Data:PKCS12Data])
        {
          SecCertificateRef certificate = NULL;
          SecIdentityCopyCertificate(identity, &certificate);
          const void*certs[] = {certificate};
          CFArrayRef certArray =CFArrayCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, certs,1,NULL);
          credential =[NSURLCredential credentialWithIdentity:identity certificates:(__bridge NSArray*)certArray persistence:NSURLCredentialPersistencePermanent];
          disposition =NSURLSessionAuthChallengeUseCredential;
        }
      }
    }
    *_credential = credential;
    return disposition;
  }];

4）发起请求

//第三步和这一步代码是放在一起的，请注意哦
  [_manager GET:url parameters:nil progress:^(NSProgress * _Nonnull downloadProgress) {

  } success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull task, id _Nullable responseObject) {
    NSDictionary *dic = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:responseObject options:NSJSONReadingMutableContainers error:nil];
    NSLog(@"JSON: %@", dic);
  } failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError * _Nonnull error) {
    NSLog(@"Error: %@", error);

    NSData *data = [error.userInfo objectForKey:@"com.alamofire.serialization.response.error.data"];
    NSString *str = [[NSString alloc]initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    NSLog(@"%@",str);
  }];

另外还要加上一个方法：

+(BOOL)extractIdentity:(SecIdentityRef*)outIdentity andTrust:(SecTrustRef *)outTrust fromPKCS12Data:(NSData *)inPKCS12Data {
  OSStatus securityError = errSecSuccess;
  //client certificate password
  NSDictionary*optionsDictionary = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"证书密码"
                                 forKey:(__bridge id)kSecImportExportPassphrase];

  CFArrayRef items = CFArrayCreate(NULL, 0, 0, NULL);
  securityError = SecPKCS12Import((__bridge CFDataRef)inPKCS12Data,(__bridge CFDictionaryRef)optionsDictionary,&items);

  if(securityError == 0) {
    CFDictionaryRef myIdentityAndTrust =CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(items,0);
    const void*tempIdentity =NULL;
    tempIdentity= CFDictionaryGetValue (myIdentityAndTrust,kSecImportItemIdentity);
    *outIdentity = (SecIdentityRef)tempIdentity;
    const void*tempTrust =NULL;
    tempTrust = CFDictionaryGetValue(myIdentityAndTrust,kSecImportItemTrust);
    *outTrust = (SecTrustRef)tempTrust;
  } else {
    NSLog(@"Failedwith error code %d",(int)securityError);
    return NO;
  }
  return YES;
}

没错，我们是要封装一下，可是要怎么封装呢？博主尝试了集中都失败了，真是百思不得解，相信主动去封装的开发者也会碰到封装后请求失败的问题，也许你成功了，但是这里需要注意一个在block内使用变量的问题，具体的可以去看博主怎么封装的。

到这里，新的AF请求https就已经结束了，想看封装的，Demo放在最后。

3.单向验证

说到这个，不得不说一下网上的很多方法，都把单向验证当作双向的，其实也是并不理解其原理，关于原理，请看这里
代码实现AF都是一样的：

//AF加上这句和下面的方法
  _manager.securityPolicy = [self customSecurityPolicy];



/**** SSL Pinning ****/
- (AFSecurityPolicy*)customSecurityPolicy {
  NSString *cerPath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"server" ofType:@"cer"];
  NSData *certData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:cerPath];
  AFSecurityPolicy *securityPolicy = [AFSecurityPolicy policyWithPinningMode:AFSSLPinningModeCertificate];
  [securityPolicy setAllowInvalidCertificates:YES];
  NSSet *set = [NSSet setWithObjects:certData, nil];
  [securityPolicy setPinnedCertificates:@[certData]];
  /**** SSL Pinning ****/
  return securityPolicy;
}

4.Demo下载福利

因为证书安全问题，Demo 里的证书博主删除了，请见谅，请大家放入自己的证书。

老的AF访问httpsDemo

新的AF访问httpsDemo

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