SpringBoot整合Kotlin构建Web服务的方法示例

时间：2023-01-15 11:44:10|栏目：JAVA代码|点击：次

今天我们尝试Spring Boot整合Kotlin，并决定建立一个非常简单的Spring Boot微服务，使用Kotlin作为编程语言进行编码构建。

创建一个简单的Spring Boot应用程序。我会在这里使用maven构建项目：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.edurt.ski</groupId>
  <artifactId>springboot-kotlin-integration</artifactId>
  <version>1.0.0</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>springboot kotlin integration</name>
  <description>SpringBoot Kotlin Integration is a open source springboot, kotlin integration example.</description>

  <parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
  </parent>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    <!-- plugin config -->
    <plugin.maven.kotlin.version>1.2.71</plugin.maven.kotlin.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <!-- spring boot -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- kotlin -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.module</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-module-kotlin</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId>
      <artifactId>kotlin-stdlib-jdk8</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId>
      <artifactId>kotlin-reflect</artifactId>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <sourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/main/kotlin</sourceDirectory>
    <testSourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/test/kotlin</testSourceDirectory>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>kotlin-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId>
        <configuration>
          <args>
            <arg>-Xjsr305=strict</arg>
          </args>
          <compilerPlugins>
            <plugin>spring</plugin>
            <plugin>jpa</plugin>
            <plugin>all-open</plugin>
          </compilerPlugins>
          <pluginOptions>
            <option>all-open:annotation=javax.persistence.Entity</option>
          </pluginOptions>
        </configuration>
        <dependencies>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId>
            <artifactId>kotlin-maven-allopen</artifactId>
            <version>${plugin.maven.kotlin.version}</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId>
            <artifactId>kotlin-maven-noarg</artifactId>
            <version>${plugin.maven.kotlin.version}</version>
          </dependency>
        </dependencies>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>kapt</id>
            <goals>
              <goal>kapt</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <sourceDirs>
                <sourceDir>src/main/kotlin</sourceDir>
              </sourceDirs>
              <annotationProcessorPaths>
                <annotationProcessorPath>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
                  <version>${project.parent.version}</version>
                </annotationProcessorPath>
              </annotationProcessorPaths>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

</project>

添加所有必需的依赖项：

kotlin-stdlib-jdk8 kotlin jdk8的lib包
kotlin-reflect kotlin反射包

一个简单的应用类：

package com.edurt.ski

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication
import org.springframework.boot.runApplication

@SpringBootApplication
class SpringBootKotlinIntegration

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
  runApplication<SpringBootKotlinIntegration>(*args)
}

添加Rest API接口功能

创建一个HelloController Rest API接口,我们只提供一个简单的get请求获取hello,kotlin输出信息:

package com.edurt.ski.controller

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController

@RestController
class HelloController {

  @GetMapping(value = "hello")
  fun hello(): String {
    return "hello,kotlin"
  }

}

修改SpringBootKotlinIntegration文件增加以下设置扫描路径

@ComponentScan(value = [
  "com.edurt.ski",
  "com.edurt.ski.controller"
])

添加页面功能

修改pom.xml文件增加以下页面依赖

<!-- mustache -->
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mustache</artifactId>
</dependency>

在src/main/resources路径下创建templates文件夹

在templates文件夹下创建一个名为hello.mustache的页面文件

<h1>Hello, Kotlin</h1>

创建页面转换器HelloView

package com.edurt.ski.view

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller
import org.springframework.ui.Model
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping

@Controller
class HelloView {

  @GetMapping(value = "hello_view")
  fun helloView(model: Model): String {
    return "hello"
  }

}

浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/hello_view即可看到页面内容

添加数据持久化功能

修改pom.xml文件增加以下依赖(由于测试功能我们使用h2内存数据库)

<!-- data jpa and db -->
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
  <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
  <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

创建User实体

package com.edurt.ski.model

import javax.persistence.Entity
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue
import javax.persistence.Id

@Entity
//class UserModel(
//    @Id
//    @GeneratedValue
//    private var id: Long? = 0,
//    private var name: String
//)
class UserModel {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    var id: Long? = 0
        get() = field
        set

    var name: String? = null
        get() = field
        set

}

创建UserSupport dao数据库操作工具类

package com.edurt.ski.support

import com.edurt.ski.model.UserModel
import org.springframework.data.repository.PagingAndSortingRepository

interface UserSupport : PagingAndSortingRepository<UserModel, Long> {

}

创建UserService服务类

package com.edurt.ski.service

import com.edurt.ski.model.UserModel

interface UserService {

  /**
   * save model to db
   */
  fun save(model: UserModel): UserModel

}

创建UserServiceImpl实现类

package com.edurt.ski.service

import com.edurt.ski.model.UserModel
import com.edurt.ski.support.UserSupport
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service

@Service(value = "userService")
class UserServiceImpl(private val userSupport: UserSupport) : UserService {

  override fun save(model: UserModel): UserModel {
    return this.userSupport.save(model)
  }

}

创建用户UserController进行持久化数据

package com.edurt.ski.controller

import com.edurt.ski.model.UserModel
import com.edurt.ski.service.UserService
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController

@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "user")
class UserController(private val userService: UserService) {

  @PostMapping(value = "save/{name}")
  fun save(@PathVariable name: String): UserModel {
    val userModel = UserModel()
//    userModel.id = 1
    userModel.name = name
    return this.userService.save(userModel)
  }

}

使用控制台窗口执行以下命令保存数据

curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/user/save/qianmoQ

收到返回结果

{"id":1,"name":"qianmoQ"}

表示数据保存成功

增加数据读取渲染功能

修改UserService增加以下代码

/**
 * get all model
 */
fun getAll(page: Pageable): Page<UserModel>

修改UserServiceImpl增加以下代码

override fun getAll(page: Pageable): Page<UserModel> {
  return this.userSupport.findAll(page)
}

修改UserController增加以下代码

@GetMapping(value = "list")
fun get(): Page<UserModel> = this.userService.getAll(PageRequest(0, 10))

创建UserView文件渲染User数据

package com.edurt.ski.view

import com.edurt.ski.service.UserService
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller
import org.springframework.ui.Model
import org.springframework.ui.set
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping

@Controller
class UserView(private val userService: UserService) {

  @GetMapping(value = "user_view")
  fun helloView(model: Model): String {
    model["users"] = this.userService.getAll(PageRequest(0, 10))
    return "user"
  }

}

创建user.mustache文件渲染数据(自行解析返回数据即可)

{{users}}

浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/user_view即可看到页面内容

增加单元功能

修改pom.xml文件增加以下依赖

<!-- test -->
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
  <scope>test</scope>
  <exclusions>
    <exclusion>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    </exclusion>
    <exclusion>
      <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
      <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
    </exclusion>
  </exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
  <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

创建UserServiceTest文件进行测试UserService功能

package com.edurt.ski

import com.edurt.ski.service.UserService
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
class UserServiceTest(@Autowired private val userService: UserService) {

  @Test
  fun `get all`() {
    println(">> Assert blog page title, content and status code")
    val entity = this.userService.getAll(PageRequest(0, 1))
    print(entity.totalPages)
  }

}

源码地址：GitHub

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