Spring学习笔记之bean的基础知识
Bean:
- 在Spring技术中是基于组件的
- 最基本了是最常用的单元
- 其实实例保存在Spring的容器当中
Bean通常被定义在配置文件当中,Bean实例化由Spring的Ioc容器进行管理,Bean的实例可以通过Beanfactory进行访问,实际上大部分J2EE应用,Bean是通过ApplicationContext来访问的,ApplicationContext是BeanFactory的子接口,功能要比BeanFactory强大许多
在前面得博客依赖注入与控制反转中演示了应用spring实现ioc,在ApplicationContext.xml中有bean的配置,里面只是bean简单的应用。这篇主要是进一步学习使用bean。
一、定义
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="DaoImpl" class="Cuiyw.Spring.Dao.DaoImpl"></bean> <bean id="ServiceImpl" class="Cuiyw.Spring.Service.ServiceImpl" scope="singleton"> <property name="dao" ref="DaoImpl"></property> </bean> </beans>
上面的代码是之前博客配置的,可以看到bean的基本构成。 <beans/>
是Sring配置文件的根节点,一个<beans/>
节点里面可以有多个<bean>
节点。在bean中常用两个属性:ID,Class. ID是一唯一标识,来确定是哪个bean,可以让其他bean中使用id引用。class用来指定是哪个class。同时还可以设置scope属性,scope有两种:singleton,non-singelton。singleton:单实例模式(默认,构造方法为private),整个Spring的容器中只有一个共享实例存在(singleton)。non-singelton:每次请求该bean,Spring容器都会新建立一个bean实例,然后返回给程序(request,session,prototype)。
二、创建
Bean的命名机制
id 当在Spring的窗口当中,查找某个Bean对象时,首先根据id进行查找,将其余作为Bean的默认名称,如果ID属性不存在,则根据Name属性进行查找(将其中的第一个名称作为默认的名称),如果ID和NAME都不存在根据类的名称进行查找。id---------->name--------------->类名。
Bean的别名:可以使用alias来为bean指定别名.
下面的配置文件还是在上面的xml基础上修改的。这里配置了ID为ServiceImpl的bean设置了别名。我们可以使用它的name、id、alias来获取service。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="DaoImpl" class="Cuiyw.Spring.Dao.DaoImpl"></bean> <bean id="ServiceImpl" class="Cuiyw.Spring.Service.ServiceImpl" scope="singleton" name="ServiceA"> <property name="dao" ref="DaoImpl"></property> </bean> <alias name="ServiceA" alias="ServiceA1"/> </beans>
package Cuiyw.SpringAop; import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; import Cuiyw.Spring.IService.IService; public class App { public static void main( String[] args ) { ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"ApplicationContext.xml"}); BeanFactory factory=context; IService service=(IService)factory.getBean("ServiceA1"); service.service("Cuiyw ServiceA1"); service=(IService)factory.getBean("ServiceA"); service.service("Cuiyw ServiceA"); service=(IService)factory.getBean("ServiceImpl"); service.service("Cuiyw ServiceImpl"); } }
三、注入
1.基本类型和string
可以使用value元素来设置,在上面的代码基础上稍作修改
<property name="baseProperty" value="222"></property>
package Cuiyw.Spring.Service; import Cuiyw.Spring.IDao.IDao; import Cuiyw.Spring.IService.IService; public class ServiceImpl implements IService{ private IDao dao; private int baseProperty; public IDao getDao() { return dao; } public void setDao(IDao dao) { this.dao = dao; } public void service(String name) { System.out.println(dao.sayHello(name)+" baseProperty:"+getBaseProperty()); } public int getBaseProperty() { return baseProperty; } public void setBaseProperty(int baseProperty) { this.baseProperty = baseProperty; } }
对于string类型,XML解析器以String类型解析出数据,如果属性不是String类型,属性值会通过PropertyEditors转换为其他类型,比如时间类型.
2.注入bean
上面的代码中就注入了bean,在ServiceImpl中注入DaoImpl。可以使用ref来进行配置。
3.注入集合
常见的集合有list、map、set、property等,下面的代码是在ServiceImpl中定义了几个属性,然后在上下文中通过属性注入进去。为了测试,在DaoImpl中也增加了一个属性s。
package Cuiyw.Spring.Dao; import java.util.Calendar; import Cuiyw.Spring.IDao.IDao; public class DaoImpl implements IDao{ public String s; public String getS() { return s; } public void setS(String s) { this.s = s; } public String sayHello(String name) { int hour=Calendar.getInstance().get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY); if(hour<6) return "凌晨早,"+name; if(hour<12)return "早上好,"+name; if(hour<13)return "中午好,"+name; if(hour<18)return "下午好,"+name; return "晚上好,"+name+", s="+s; } }
package Cuiyw.Spring.Service; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Properties; import java.util.Set; import Cuiyw.Spring.IDao.IDao; import Cuiyw.Spring.IService.IService; public class ServiceImpl implements IService{ private IDao dao; private int baseProperty; private List<Object> lists; private Set<Object> sets; private Map<Object, Object> maps; private Properties pros; public IDao getDao() { return dao; } public void setDao(IDao dao) { this.dao = dao; } public void service(String name) { System.out.println(dao.sayHello(name)+",baseProperty:"+getBaseProperty()); for(int i=0;i<lists.size();i++) { Object obj=lists.get(i); System.out.println(obj.getClass().getName()); } for(Object obj : sets) { System.out.println(obj.getClass().getName()); } //遍历maps中的key for (Object key : maps.keySet()) { System.out.println("Key = " + key); } //遍历maps中的值 for (Object value : maps.values()) { System.out.println("Value = " + value); } Set<String> pro=pros.stringPropertyNames(); Iterator<String> it=pro.iterator(); while(it.hasNext()){ Object key=it.next(); System.out.println(key+"----"+pros.getProperty((String) key)); } } public int getBaseProperty() { return baseProperty; } public void setBaseProperty(int baseProperty) { this.baseProperty = baseProperty; } public List<Object> getLists() { return lists; } public void setLists(List<Object> lists) { this.lists = lists; } public Set<Object> getSets() { return sets; } public void setSets(Set<Object> sets) { this.sets = sets; } public Map<Object, Object> getMaps() { return maps; } public void setMaps(Map<Object, Object> maps) { this.maps = maps; } public Properties getPros() { return pros; } public void setPros(Properties pros) { this.pros = pros; } }
主要是注入的配置,在list、map、set属性中都是配置了一个基础类型value=1,两个DaoImpl类型。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="DaoImpl" class="Cuiyw.Spring.Dao.DaoImpl"> <property name="s" value="cyw"></property> </bean> <bean id="ServiceImpl" class="Cuiyw.Spring.Service.ServiceImpl" scope="singleton" name="ServiceA"> <property name="dao" ref="DaoImpl"></property> <property name="baseProperty" value="222"></property> <property name="lists"> <list> <value>1</value> <ref bean="DaoImpl" /> <bean class="Cuiyw.Spring.Dao.DaoImpl"> <property name="s" value="cuiywlists" /> </bean> </list> </property> <property name="sets"> <set> <value>1</value> <ref bean="DaoImpl" /> <bean class="Cuiyw.Spring.Dao.DaoImpl"> <property name="s" value="cuiywsets" /> </bean> </set> </property> <property name="maps"> <map> <entry key="key1" value="1"></entry> <entry key="key2" value-ref="DaoImpl"></entry> <entry key="key3" > <bean class="Cuiyw.Spring.Dao.DaoImpl"> <property name="s" value="cuiywmaps" /> </bean> </entry> </map> </property> <property name="pros"> <props> <prop key="prokey1">prokeyA</prop> <prop key="prokey2">prokeyB</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <alias name="ServiceA" alias="ServiceA1"/> </beans>
执行main方法可以看到属性都注入进去了。
4.自定义属性编辑器
对于有一些属性是没法注入的,此时就需要自定义,比如上面说的日期类型。
首先是要定义一个继承PropertyEditorSupport的类,重写setAsText方法。
package Cuiyw.Spring.Service; import java.beans.PropertyEditorSupport; import java.text.ParseException; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; public class CustomerProperty extends PropertyEditorSupport { private String format="yyyy-MM-dd"; public String getFormat() { return format; } public void setFormat(String format) { this.format = format; } @Override public void setAsText(String text) throws IllegalArgumentException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub SimpleDateFormat sdf=new SimpleDateFormat(format); //super.setAsText(text); try { //转换对象,能过setValue方法重新赋值 this.setValue(sdf.parse(text)); } catch (ParseException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
然后在配置文件配置这个类
<bean id="customEditorConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.CustomEditorConfigurer"> <property name="customEditors"> <map> <entry key="java.util.Date" value="Cuiyw.Spring.Service.CustomerProperty"/> </map> </property> </bean>
这里还是在ServiceImpl中增加了一个java.util.Date
类型的date属性。并在配置文件注入值。
<property name="date" value="2017-12-10"/>
总结
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