AngularJS自定义表单验证功能实例详解
本文实例讲述了AngularJS自定义表单验证功能。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
Angular实现了大部分常用的HTML5的表单控件的类型(text, number, url, email, date, radio, checkbox),也实现了很多指令做为验证(required, pattern, minlength, maxlength, min, max)。
在自定义的指令中,我们可以添加我们的验证方法到ngModelController的$validators对象上。为了取得这个controller对象,我们需要requirengModel指令。
在$validators对象上的每个方法都接收modelValue和viewValue两个值做为参数。在你绑定的验证方法返回一个值(true,false)之后,Angular会在内部调用$setValidity方法。验证会在每一次输入框的值改变($setViewValue被调用)或者模型的值改变。验证发生在$parsers和$formatters成功运行之后,验证不通过的项会做为ngModelController.$error的属性存储起来。
另外,在这个controller对象上,还有一个$asyncValidators对象,如果你的验证是异步的,则需要加验证附加在这个对象上,比如说用户注册时输入手机号,我们需要在后端验证该手机号是否已经注册,这个验证方法必须return一个promise对象,然后在验证通过时调用延迟对象的resolve,失败时调用reject,还未完成的异步的验证存储在ngModelController.$pending中。
例如(注意其中的user对象,只有验证通过了,才会将值绑定到模型上):
<form name="register_form" ng-submit="save()"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="phoneNumber"> 手机号(不能重复): </label> <input type="text" class="form-control" ng-model="user.phoneNumber" id="phoneNumber" name="phoneNumber" required phone> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="username"> 用户名(必须大于五位): </label> <input type="text" class="form-control" ng-model="user.username" id="username" required username> </div> <button class="btn btn-block btn-primary" type="submit">提交</button> </form> <h3>用户对象</h3> <pre> {{ user | json }} </pre>
'use strict'; angular.module('app', []) .directive('phone', function ($q, $http) { return { require: 'ngModel', link: function (scope, ele, attrs, ctrl) { ctrl.$asyncValidators.phone = function (modelValue, viewValue) { var d = $q.defer(); $http.get('phone.json') .success(function (phoneList) { if (phoneList.indexOf(parseInt(modelValue)) >= 0) { d.reject(); } else { d.resolve(); } }); return d.promise; } } } }) .directive('username', function ($q, $http) { return { require: 'ngModel', link: function (scope, ele, attrs, ctrl) { ctrl.$validators.username = function (modelValue, viewValue) { if (modelValue) { return modelValue.length > 5 ? true : false; }; return false; } } } })
phone.json
[ 13758262732, 15658898520, 13628389818, 18976176895, 13518077986 ]
效果
下面一个完整的用户注册的表单验证:
html:
<form name="register_form" novalidate> <div class="form-group"> <label for="username">用户名:</label> <!-- ng-pattern="/PATTERN/"确保输入项符合正则 --> <input type="text" id="username" ng-model="user.username" class="form-control" name="username" required ng-pattern="/^[^#]*$/"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-ok right" ng-show="register_form.username.$valid"></span> </div> <div class="alert alert-danger" ng-show="register_form.username.$error.pattern"> <strong>请注意!</strong> 用户名不能带#号。 </div> <div class="alert alert-danger" ng-show="register_form.username.$error.required && register_form.username.$touched"> <strong>请注意!</strong> 用户名不能为空。 </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="_password">密码:</label> <!-- ng-minlength="num"让密码不能小于最小长度 --> <input type="password" id="_password" ng-model="data._password" class="form-control" required ng-minlength="8" name="_password"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-ok right" ng-show="register_form._password.$valid"></span> </div> <div class="alert alert-danger" ng-show="register_form._password.$error.minlength && register_form._password.$touched"> <strong>请注意!</strong> 密码长度不能少于八位。 </div> <div class="alert alert-danger" ng-show="register_form._password.$error.required && register_form._password.$touched"> <strong>请注意!</strong> 密码不能为空。 </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="password">确认密码:</label> <input type="password" id="password" ng-model="user.password" class="form-control" name="password" required pwd-repeat> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-ok right" ng-show="register_form.password.$valid"></span> </div> <div class="alert alert-danger" ng-show="register_form.password.$error.pwdRepeat && register_form.password.$touched"> <strong>请注意!</strong> 两次输入的密码不相同。 </div> <div class="alert alert-danger" ng-show="register_form.password.$error.required && register_form.password.$touched"> <strong>请注意!</strong> 请再次输入密码。 </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="phone">手机号:</label> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-10"> <input type="num" id="phone" ng-model="user.phone" name="phone" class="form-control" required ng-minlength="11" ng-maxlength="11" phone> </div> <div class="col-sm-2"> <button class="btn btn-default" type="button" ng-disabled="register_form.phone.$invalid">发送验证码</button> </div> </div> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-ok right" ng-show="register_form.phone.$valid"></span> </div> <div class="alert alert-danger" ng-show="register_form.phone.$error.phone"> <strong>请注意!</strong> 该手机号已注册过,可直接登录。 </div> <div class="alert alert-danger" ng-show="register_form.phone.$touched && !register_form.phone.$error.phone && (register_form.phone.$error.required || register_form.phone.$error.minlength || register_form.phone.$error.maxlength)"> <strong>请注意!</strong> 请输入正确的手机号。 </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="code">验证码:</label> <input type="text" id="code" ng-model="user.code" class="form-control" name="code" required> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-ok right" ng-show="register_form.code.$valid"></span> </div> <!-- 在表单不合法时禁用提交按钮 --> <button class="btn btn-block btn-primary" type="submit" ng-disabled="register_form.$invalid" ng-click="save()">提交</button> </form>
js:
'use strict'; angular.module('app', []) .controller('myCtrl', function ($scope) { $scope.data = {}; $scope.save = function () { alert('保存成功!') } }) // 判断手机号是否重复 .directive('phone', function ($q, $http) { return { require: 'ngModel', link: function (scope, ele, attrs, ctrl) { ctrl.$asyncValidators.phone = function (modelValue, viewValue) { var d = $q.defer(); $http.get('phone.json') .success(function (phoneList) { if (phoneList.indexOf(parseInt(modelValue)) >= 0) { d.reject(); } else { d.resolve(); } }); return d.promise; } } } }) // 验证两次输入的密码是否相同的自定义验证 .directive('pwdRepeat', function () { return { require: 'ngModel', link: function (scope, ele, attrs, ctrl) { ctrl.$validators.pwdRepeat = function (modelValue) { // 当值为空时,通过验证,因为有required if (ctrl.$isEmpty(modelValue)) { return true; } return modelValue === scope.data._password ? true : false; } } } })
css:
.form-group { position: relative; } .right { position: absolute; right: 10px; top: 34px; color: green; }
phone.json:
[ 13758262732, 15658898520, 13628389818, 18976176895, 13518077986 ]
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