Android使用MediaRecorder类实现视频和音频录制功能
时间：2021-11-06 10:10:00|栏目：Android代码|点击： 次
一、前期基础知识储备
Android提供了MediaRecorder这一个类来实现视频和音频的录制。
由官方配图可知，MediaRecorder用于录制视频时需要调用一系列的API来设置和录制相关的配置，而且调用方法的顺序是固定的，必须按照这个顺序进行API调用才能正确利用手机摄像头实现录像功能。
调用MediaRecorder的录像API顺序如下：
1）Open Camera - Use the Camera.open() to get an instance of the camera object.
2）Connect Preview - Prepare a live camera image preview by connecting a SurfaceView to the camera using Camera.setPreviewDisplay().
3）Start Preview - Call Camera.startPreview() to begin displaying the live camera images.
4）Start Recording Video - The following steps must be completed in order to successfully record video:
a.Unlock the Camera - Unlock the camera for use by MediaRecorder by calling Camera.unlock().
b.Configure MediaRecorder - Call in the following MediaRecorder methods in this order:
setCamera() - Set the camera to be used for video capture，绑定Camera进行视频录制。
setAudioSource() - Set the audio source，设置音频源。
setVideoSource() - Set the video source，设置视频源。
setProfile() - Set the video output format and encoding，录制效果的配置。
setOutputFile() - Set the output file, 设置录制好的文件存储位置。
setPreviewDisplay() - Connect Preview，设置预览效果。
c.Prepare MediaRecorder- Prepare the MediaRecorder with provided configuration settings by calling MediaRecorder.prepare().
d.Start MediaRecorder - Start recording video by calling MediaRecorder.start().
停止录像时调用的API顺序如下：
1）Stop MediaRecorder - Stop recording video by calling MediaRecorder.stop().
2）Reset MediaRecorder - Optionally, remove the configuration settings from the recorder by calling MediaRecorder.reset().
3）Release MediaRecorder - Release the MediaRecorder by calling MediaRecorder.release().
4）Lock the Camera - Lock the camera so that future MediaRecorder sessions can use it by calling Camera.lock().
5）Stop the Preview - When your activity has finished using the camera, stop the preview using Camera.stopPreview().
6）Release Camera - Release the camera so that other applications can use it by calling Camera.release().
二、上代码，具体实现录制视频和视频播放功能
这里调用MediaRecorder的API实现视频录制功能并借用MediaPlayer多媒体播放类实现录制好的视频播放。
（1）布局文件如下，非常简单两个按钮下放置一个SurfaceView；
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<Button
android:id="@+id/record_btn"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginLeft="15dp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="record" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/play_btn"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginRight="15dp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="play" />
</LinearLayout>
<SurfaceView
android:id="@+id/surface_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_marginBottom="20dp" />
</LinearLayout>
（2）相机录像前的准备代码；
/*
* 相机预览前的准备工作代码 单独抽出来
* */
private boolean prepareVideoRecorder() throws IOException {
if (mMediaRecorder == null) {
mMediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder();
mMediaRecorder.reset();
}
/*camera相关设置部分*/
mCamera = Camera.open(0);//Camera.CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_BACK
if (mCamera != null) {
//设置旋转角度，顺时针方向，因为默认是逆向90度的，这样图像就是正常显示了
mCamera.setDisplayOrientation(90);
mCamera.unlock();
mMediaRecorder.setCamera(mCamera);
}
/*recorder设置部分*/
mMediaRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.CAMCORDER);
mMediaRecorder.setVideoSource(MediaRecorder.VideoSource.CAMERA);
mMediaRecorder.setProfile(CamcorderProfile.get(CamcorderProfile.QUALITY_HIGH));
mMediaRecorder.setOutputFile(getOutputMediaFile());
mMediaRecorder.setPreviewDisplay(mSurfaceView.getHolder().getSurface());
mMediaRecorder.prepare();
return true;
}
（3）创建录像文件存储位置代码；
/*
* 获取手机外部存储路径
* */
private String getOutputFile() {
File mediaFile = null;
boolean OutputExist = Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(android.os.Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED);
if (OutputExist) {
mediaFile = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
return mediaFile.toString();
}
return null;
}
/*
* 获取录制视频的日期 作为存储文件路径一部分
* */
private String getDate() {
Log.d(TAG, "获取录制视频的日期 ");
Calendar ca = Calendar.getInstance();
int year = ca.get(Calendar.YEAR); // 获取年份
int month = ca.get(Calendar.MONTH); // 获取月份
int day = ca.get(Calendar.DATE); // 获取日
String date = "" + year + "_" + (month + 1) + "_" + day;
return date;
}
/*
*创建视频存储文件夹 录制好的视频存储在手机外部存储中 以录像时间+mp4格式命名
* */
private String getOutputMediaFile() {
Log.d(TAG, "获取视频存储的位置 ");
String mediaPath = getOutputFile();
if (mediaPath != null) {
File mediaFile = new File(mediaPath + "/recordVideo");
if (!mediaFile.exists()) {
mediaFile.mkdir();
}
return mMediaPath = mediaFile.getAbsolutePath() + File.separator + getDate() + ".mp4";
}
return null;
}
（4）录制视频结束时释放相机资源；
/*
* 录制视频结束时释放相机资源
* */
private void releaseMediaRecorder() {
Log.d(TAG, "录制结束后释放资源 ");
if (mMediaRecorder != null) {
mMediaRecorder.reset(); // clear recorder configuration
mMediaRecorder.release(); // release the recorder object
mMediaRecorder = null;
mCamera.lock(); // lock camera for later use
}
}
（5）点击录制视频按钮mRecordBtn开始录制和再次点击停止录制；
private void initBtnClick() {
StartRecording();
mPlayBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
if (mMediaPlayer == null) {
mMediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer();
mMediaPlayer.reset();
Uri uri = Uri.parse(mMediaPath);
mMediaPlayer = MediaPlayer.create(MainActivity.this,uri);
mMediaPlayer.setAudioStreamType(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC);
mMediaPlayer.setDisplay(mSurfaceHolder);
try{
mMediaPlayer.prepare();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
mMediaPlayer.start();
}
}
});
}
private void StartRecording(){
mRecordBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
if (!mIsRecord) {
try {
Log.d(TAG, "首次点击开始录像 ");
if (prepareVideoRecorder()) {
mMediaRecorder.start();
mIsRecord = true;
mRecordBtn.setText("stop");
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} else {
Log.d(TAG, "再次点击停止录像");
mMediaRecorder.stop();
releaseMediaRecorder();
mCamera.lock();
mRecordBtn.setText("record");
mIsRecord = false;
if (mCamera != null) {
mCamera.release();
mCamera = null;
}
}
}
});
}
（6）点击播放视频按钮 mPlayBtn开始播放录制刚刚录制好的视频；
mPlayBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
if (mMediaPlayer == null) {
mMediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer();
mMediaPlayer.reset();
Uri uri = Uri.parse(mMediaPath);
mMediaPlayer = MediaPlayer.create(MainActivity.this,uri);
mMediaPlayer.setAudioStreamType(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC);
mMediaPlayer.setDisplay(mSurfaceHolder);
try{
mMediaPlayer.prepare();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
mMediaPlayer.start();
}
}
});
（7）针对6.0以上系统进行运行时权限申请
private void requestCameraAndStoragePermission() {
//检查用户是否授权
for (int i = 0; i < permissions.length; i++) {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, permissions[i]) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
//没有授权则请求相应权限
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{permissions[i]}, 1);
}
}
//利用权限申请工具类来实现
mPermissionsUtils = PermissionsUtils.getInstance();
mPermissionsUtils.chekPermissions(MainActivity.this,permissions, permissionsResult);
}
//创建监听权限的接口对象
PermissionsUtils.IPermissionsResult permissionsResult = new PermissionsUtils.IPermissionsResult() {
@Override
public void passPermissons() {
//StartRecording(); 注意这里的逻辑 并不是权限通过了就立即开始录像了 而是权限通过了 就可以打开Camera进行预览
mCamera = Camera.open(0);//Camera.CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_BACK
}
@Override
public void forbitPermissons() {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "You denyied the permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
};
录制视频及播放录制视频完整代码如下
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements SurfaceHolder.Callback{
private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
private SurfaceView mSurfaceView;
private Button mRecordBtn, mPlayBtn;
private boolean mIsRecord = false; //是否正在录像
private Camera mCamera;
private MediaRecorder mMediaRecorder;
private String mMediaPath;
private MediaPlayer mMediaPlayer;
private SurfaceHolder mSurfaceHolder;
private PermissionsUtils mPermissionsUtils;
private String[] permissions = {Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
Manifest.permission.CAMERA,
Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//6.0及以上系统请求运行时权限 利用权限申请工具类（见下文）
requestCameraAndStoragePermission();
mSurfaceView = (SurfaceView) findViewById(R.id.surface_view);
mSurfaceView.getHolder().setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS); // 必须-设置Surface不需要维护自己的缓冲区
mRecordBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.record_btn);
mPlayBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.play_btn);
initBtnClick();
SurfaceHolder holder = mSurfaceView.getHolder();
holder.addCallback(this);
}
private void requestCameraAndStoragePermission() {
//检查用户是否授权
for (int i = 0; i < permissions.length; i++) {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, permissions[i]) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
//没有授权则请求相应权限
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{permissions[i]}, 1);
}
}
//利用权限申请工具类来实现
mPermissionsUtils = PermissionsUtils.getInstance();
mPermissionsUtils.chekPermissions(MainActivity.this,permissions, permissionsResult);
}
//创建监听权限的接口对象
PermissionsUtils.IPermissionsResult permissionsResult = new PermissionsUtils.IPermissionsResult() {
@Override
public void passPermissons() {
// StartRecording(); 注意这里的逻辑 并不是权限通过了就立即开始录像了 而是权限通过了 就可以打开Camera进行预览
mCamera = Camera.open(0);//Camera.CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_BACK
}
@Override
public void forbitPermissons() {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "You denyied the permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
};
private void StartRecording(){
mRecordBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
if (!mIsRecord) {
try {
Log.d(TAG, "首次点击开始录像 ");
if (prepareVideoRecorder()) {
mMediaRecorder.start();
mIsRecord = true;
mRecordBtn.setText("stop");
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} else {
Log.d(TAG, "再次点击停止录像");
mMediaRecorder.stop();
releaseMediaRecorder();
mCamera.lock();
mRecordBtn.setText("record");
mIsRecord = false;
if (mCamera != null) {
mCamera.release();
mCamera = null;
}
}
}
});
}
private void initBtnClick() {
StartRecording();
mPlayBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
if (mMediaPlayer == null) {
mMediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer();
mMediaPlayer.reset();
Uri uri = Uri.parse(mMediaPath);
mMediaPlayer = MediaPlayer.create(MainActivity.this,uri);
mMediaPlayer.setAudioStreamType(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC);
mMediaPlayer.setDisplay(mSurfaceHolder);
try{
mMediaPlayer.prepare();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
mMediaPlayer.start();
}
}
});
}
/*
* 相机预览前的准备工作代码 单独抽出来
* */
private boolean prepareVideoRecorder() throws IOException {
if (mMediaRecorder == null) {
mMediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder();
mMediaRecorder.reset();
}
/*camera相关设置部分*/
mCamera = Camera.open(0);//Camera.CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_BACK
if (mCamera != null) {
//设置旋转角度，顺时针方向，因为默认是逆向90度的，这样图像就是正常显示了
mCamera.setDisplayOrientation(90);
mCamera.unlock();
mMediaRecorder.setCamera(mCamera);
}
/*recorder设置部分*/
mMediaRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.CAMCORDER);
mMediaRecorder.setVideoSource(MediaRecorder.VideoSource.CAMERA);
mMediaRecorder.setProfile(CamcorderProfile.get(CamcorderProfile.QUALITY_HIGH));
mMediaRecorder.setOutputFile(getOutputMediaFile());
mMediaRecorder.setPreviewDisplay(mSurfaceView.getHolder().getSurface());
mMediaRecorder.prepare();
return true;
}
/*
* 获取手机外部存储路径
* */
private String getOutputFile() {
File mediaFile = null;
boolean OutputExist = Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(android.os.Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED);
if (OutputExist) {
mediaFile = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
return mediaFile.toString();
}
return null;
}
/*
* 获取录制视频的日期 作为存储文件路径一部分
* */
private String getDate() {
Log.d(TAG, "获取录制视频的日期 ");
Calendar ca = Calendar.getInstance();
int year = ca.get(Calendar.YEAR); // 获取年份
int month = ca.get(Calendar.MONTH); // 获取月份
int day = ca.get(Calendar.DATE); // 获取日
String date = "" + year + "_" + (month + 1) + "_" + day;
return date;
}
/*
*创建视频存储文件夹 录制好的视频存储在手机外部存储中 以录像时间+mp4格式命名
* */
private String getOutputMediaFile() {
Log.d(TAG, "获取视频存储的位置 ");
String mediaPath = getOutputFile();
if (mediaPath != null) {
File mediaFile = new File(mediaPath + "/recordVideo");
if (!mediaFile.exists()) {
mediaFile.mkdir();
}
return mMediaPath = mediaFile.getAbsolutePath() + File.separator + getDate() + ".mp4";
}
return null;
}
/*
* 录制视频结束时释放相机资源
* */
private void releaseMediaRecorder() {
Log.d(TAG, "录制结束后释放资源 ");
if (mMediaRecorder != null) {
mMediaRecorder.reset(); // clear recorder configuration
mMediaRecorder.release(); // release the recorder object
mMediaRecorder = null;
mCamera.lock(); // lock camera for later use
}
}
@Override
public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder surfaceHolder) {
mSurfaceHolder = surfaceHolder;
}
@Override
public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder surfaceHolder, int i, int i1, int i2) {
mSurfaceHolder = surfaceHolder;
}
@Override
public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder surfaceHolder) {
mSurfaceView = null;
mSurfaceHolder = null;
releaseMediaRecorder();
if (mCamera != null) {
mCamera.release();
mCamera = null;
}
if (mMediaPlayer != null){
mMediaPlayer.release();
mMediaPlayer = null;
}
}
}
三、延伸知识，运行时权限申请工具类
完整代码如下
/**
* 运行时权限申请工具类：
* 检查用户是否授权――ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission
* 如果没有授权，那么申请授权――ActivityCompat.requestPermissions
* 申请授权之后的回调――onRequestPermissionsResult
* 精髓：检查权限 申请权限的代码写在工具类内 同时写入一个接口 两个抽象方法-获取权限成功 + 获取权限失败 然后在外部使用权限工具类时实现这两个抽象方法
* Created by Administrator on 2018/7/3.
*/
public class PermissionsUtils {
private final int mRequestCode = 100;//权限请求码
public static boolean showSystemSetting = true;
private PermissionsUtils() {
}
private static PermissionsUtils permissionsUtils;
private IPermissionsResult mPermissionsResult;
/*
* 单例模式创建PermissionUtils实例 工具类中的静态方法可以直接使用类名+方法名调用 非静态方法还是需要获取到工具类的实例 实例对方法进行调用
* */
public static PermissionsUtils getInstance() {
if (permissionsUtils == null) {
synchronized (PermissionsUtils.class) {
if (permissionsUtils == null)
permissionsUtils = new PermissionsUtils();
}
}
return permissionsUtils;
}
/*
* 检查用户是否授权 + 如果没有授权 则申请授权 - 系统标准方法
* */
public void chekPermissions(Activity context, String[] permissions, @NonNull IPermissionsResult permissionsResult) {
mPermissionsResult = permissionsResult;
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 23) {//6.0系统及以上才会动态申请权限 以下不用 所以直接return出去
permissionsResult.passPermissons();
return;
}
//创建一个mPermissionList，逐个判断哪些权限未授予，未授予的权限存储到mPerrrmissionList中
List<String> mPermissionList = new ArrayList<>();
//逐个判断你要的权限是否已经通过
for (int i = 0; i < permissions.length; i++) {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, permissions[i]) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
mPermissionList.add(permissions[i]);//添加还未授予的权限
}
}
//申请权限
if (mPermissionList.size() > 0) {//有权限没有通过，需要申请
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(context, permissions, mRequestCode);
} else {
//说明权限都已经通过，利用接口变量调用实现的接口方法 即有权限之后需要调用的方法
permissionsResult.passPermissons();
return;
}
}
//请求权限后回调的方法
//参数： requestCode 是我们自己定义的权限请求码
//参数： permissions 是我们请求的权限名称数组
//参数： grantResults 是我们在弹出页面后是否允许权限的标识数组，数组的长度对应的是权限名称数组的长度，数组的数据0表示允许权限，-1表示我们点击了禁止权限
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(Activity context, int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,
@NonNull int[] grantResults) {
boolean hasPermissionDismiss = false;//有权限没有通过
if (mRequestCode == requestCode) {
for (int i = 0; i < grantResults.length; i++) {
if (grantResults[i] == -1) {
hasPermissionDismiss = true;
}
}
//如果有权限没有被允许
if (hasPermissionDismiss) {
if (showSystemSetting) {
showSystemPermissionsSettingDialog(context);//跳转到系统设置权限页面，或者直接关闭页面，不让他继续访问
} else {
mPermissionsResult.forbitPermissons();
}
} else {
//全部权限通过，可以进行下一步操作。。。
mPermissionsResult.passPermissons();
}
}
}
/**
* 不再提示权限时的展示对话框
*/
AlertDialog mPermissionDialog;
private void showSystemPermissionsSettingDialog(final Activity context) {
final String mPackName = context.getPackageName();
if (mPermissionDialog == null) {
mPermissionDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(context)
.setMessage("已禁用权限，请手动授予")
.setPositiveButton("设置", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
cancelPermissionDialog();
Uri packageURI = Uri.parse("package:" + mPackName);
Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS, packageURI);
context.startActivity(intent);
context.finish();
}
})
.setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
//关闭页面或者做其他操作
cancelPermissionDialog();
//mContext.finish();
mPermissionsResult.forbitPermissons();
}
})
.create();
}
mPermissionDialog.show();
}
//关闭对话框
private void cancelPermissionDialog() {
if (mPermissionDialog != null) {
mPermissionDialog.cancel();
mPermissionDialog = null;
}
}
public interface IPermissionsResult {
void passPermissons();
void forbitPermissons();
}
}
总结
上一篇：解析Android中如何做到Service被关闭后又自动启动的实现方法
栏 目：Android代码
本文标题：Android使用MediaRecorder类实现视频和音频录制功能
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