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Ruby日期和时间

Time类代表在Ruby中的日期和时间。在系统日期和时间由操作系统提供的功能。这个类来表示日期在1970年之前或2038年以后,这个类在系统上可能无法使用。

本教程将熟悉所有最想要的日期和时间的概念。

  1. 获取当前日期和时间
  2. 获取组件的日期和时间
  3. Time.utc,Time.gm 和 Time.local 函数
  4. 时区和夏令时
  5. 格式化时间和日期
  6. 时间格式化指令
  7. 时间算术

获取当前日期和时间:

以下是一个简单的例子,以获得当前的日期和时间:

#!/usr/bin/ruby -w time1 = Time.new puts "Current Time : " + time1.inspect # Time.now is a synonym: time2 = Time.now
puts "Current Time : " + time2.inspect

这将产生以下结果:

Current Time : Mon Jun 02 12:02:39 -0700 2008 Current Time : Mon Jun 02 12:02:39 -0700 2008

获取组件的日期和时间:

我们可以用 Time  对象来获取日期和时间的各个组成部分。下面的例子显示相同的:

#!/usr/bin/ruby -w time = Time.new # Components of a Time puts "Current Time : " + time.inspect
puts time.year # => Year of the date  puts time.month # => Month of the date (1 to 12) puts time.day # => Day of the date (1 to 31 ) puts time.wday # => 0: Day of week: 0 is Sunday puts time.yday # => 365: Day of year puts time.hour # => 23: 24-hour clock puts time.min # => 59 puts time.sec # => 59 puts time.usec # => 999999: microseconds puts time.zone # => "UTC": timezone name

这将产生以下结果:

Current Time : Mon Jun 02 12:03:08 -0700 2008 2008 6 2 1 154 12 3 8 247476 UTC

Time.utc,Time.gm和Time.local函数:

可用于这两个函数以标准格式来格式化日期如下:

# July 8, 2008 Time.local(2008, 7, 8) # July 8, 2008, 09:10am, local time Time.local(2008, 7, 8, 9, 10) # July 8, 2008, 09:10 UTC Time.utc(2008, 7, 8, 9, 10) # July 8, 2008, 09:10:11 GMT (same as UTC) Time.gm(2008, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) 

下面的例子,在一个数组来获取所有组件按以下格式:

[sec,min,hour,day,month,year,wday,yday,isdst,zone]

尝试以下操作:

#!/usr/bin/ruby -w time = Time.new values = time.to_a
p values

这将产生以下结果:

[26, 10, 12, 2, 6, 2008, 1, 154, false, "MST"]

这个数组可以传递给Time.utc或Time.local函数得到不同的日期格式如下:

#!/usr/bin/ruby -w time = Time.new values = time.to_a
puts Time.utc(*values)

这将产生以下结果:

Mon Jun 02 12:15:36 UTC 2008

跟随着的方式来获得内部表示(依赖于平台)历元以来的秒数时间:

# Returns number of seconds since epoch time = Time.now.to_i # Convert number of seconds into Time object. Time.at(time) # Returns second since epoch which includes microseconds time = Time.now.to_f

时区和夏令时:

可以使用一个 Time 对象来获取相关的所有信息的时区和夏令如下:

time = Time.new # Here is the interpretation time.zone # => "UTC": return the timezone time.utc_offset # => 0: UTC is 0 seconds offset from UTC time.zone # => "PST" (or whatever your timezone is) time.isdst # => false: If UTC does not have DST. time.utc? # => true: if t is in UTC time zone time.localtime # Convert to local timezone. time.gmtime # Convert back to UTC. time.getlocal # Return a new Time object in local zone time.getutc # Return a new Time object in UTC

格式化时间和日期:

有各种各样的方式来格式化日期和时间。下面是一个例子,说明几个:

#!/usr/bin/ruby -w time = Time.new puts time.to_s
puts time.ctime
puts time.localtime
puts time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

这将产生以下结果:

Mon Jun 02 12:35:19 -0700 2008 Mon Jun 2 12:35:19 2008 Mon Jun 02 12:35:19 -0700 2008 2008-06-02 12:35:19

时间格式化指令:

使用下表中的这些指令的方法 Time.strftime.

Directive Description
%a The abbreviated weekday name (Sun).
%A The full weekday name (Sunday).
%b The abbreviated month name (Jan).
%B The full month name (January).
%c The preferred local date and time representation.
%d Day of the month (01 to 31).
%H Hour of the day, 24-hour clock (00 to 23).
%I Hour of the day, 12-hour clock (01 to 12).
%j Day of the year (001 to 366).
%m Month of the year (01 to 12).
%M Minute of the hour (00 to 59).
%p Meridian indicator (AM or PM).
%S Second of the minute (00 to 60).
%U Week number of the current year, starting with the first Sunday as the first day of the first week (00 to 53).
%W Week number of the current year, starting with the first Monday as the first day of the first week (00 to 53).
%w Day of the week (Sunday is 0, 0 to 6).
%x Preferred representation for the date alone, no time.
%X Preferred representation for the time alone, no date.
%y Year without a century (00 to 99).
%Y Year with century.
%Z Time zone name.
%% Literal % character.

时间算术:

可以在时间上做简单的算术如下:

now = Time.now # Current time puts now

past = now - 10 # 10 seconds ago. Time - number => Time puts past

future = now + 10 # 10 seconds from now Time + number => Time puts future

diff = future - now # => 10  Time - Time => number of seconds puts diff

这将产生以下结果:

Thu Aug 01 20:57:05 -0700 2013 Thu Aug 01 20:56:55 -0700 2013 Thu Aug 01 20:57:15 -0700 2013 10.0