Angular路由简单学习
时间：2021-01-21 10:49:48 | 栏目：AngularJS | 点击：次
现在非常流行单页面应用，传统都是通过ajax请求数据，前端拿到数据渲染到页面，这种无刷新的视图切换非常棒！但是致命的缺点就是刷新後无法保持原来的视图，解决此问题的一个方法是使用 hash，监听hashchange事件来进行视图切换，另一个方法是用HTML5的history API，通过pushState()记录操作历史，监听popstate事件来进行视图切换，也有人把这叫pjax技术。
现在开始介绍angular的$route！
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html ng-app="myApp">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>$route</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div ng-controller="Aaa">
<a href="#aaa">首页</a>
<a href="#bbb">内容</a>
<a href="#ccc">标题</a>
<div ng-view></div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']);
m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){
$routeProvider.when('/aaa',{
template : '<h1>AAA</h1>'
}).when('/bbb',{
template : '<h1>BBB</h1>'
}).when('/ccc',{
template : '<h1>CCC</h1>'
}).otherwise({ //默认哈希值，哈希值出现错误也可以执行
redirectTo : '/aaa'
});
}]);
m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope',function($scope){
}]);
</script>
</body>
</html>
上面的例子很简单， 除了用template之外还可以用templateUrl引入html的模板文件。
在when传入控制器的指向，实现不同的页面显示不同的数据。
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html ng-app="myApp">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>$route</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div ng-controller="Aaa">
<a href="#aaa">首页</a>
<a href="#bbb">内容</a>
<a href="#ccc">标题</a>
<div ng-view></div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']);
m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){
$routeProvider.when('/aaa',{
template : '<h1>AAA</h1>{{name}}',
controller : 'Aaa' //控制器指向
}).when('/bbb',{
template : '<h1>BBB</h1>{{name}}',
controller : 'Bbb'
}).when('/ccc',{
template : '<h1>CCC</h1>{{name}}',
controller : 'Ccc'
}).otherwise({
redirectTo : '/aaa'
});
}]);
m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope',function($scope){
$scope.name = 'xiecg-Aaa';
}]);
m1.controller('Bbb',['$scope',function($scope){
$scope.name = 'xiecg-Bbb';
}]);
m1.controller('Ccc',['$scope',function($scope){
$scope.name = 'xiecg-Ccc';
}]);
</script>
</body>
</html>
以事件的方式映射路由页面。
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html ng-app="myApp">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>$route</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div ng-controller="Aaa">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('aaa')">首页</a>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('bbb')">内容</a>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('ccc')">标题</a>
<div ng-view></div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']);
m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){
$routeProvider.when('/aaa',{
template : '<h1>AAA</h1>{{name}}',
controller : 'Aaa' //控制器指向
}).when('/bbb',{
template : '<h1>BBB</h1>{{name}}',
controller : 'Bbb'
}).when('/ccc',{
template : '<h1>CCC</h1>{{name}}',
controller : 'Ccc'
}).otherwise({
redirectTo : '/aaa'
});
}]);
m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope','$location',function($scope,$location){
$scope.name = 'xiecg-Aaa';
$scope.$location = $location;
}]);
m1.controller('Bbb',['$scope',function($scope){
$scope.name = 'xiecg-Bbb';
}]);
m1.controller('Ccc',['$scope',function($scope){
$scope.name = 'xiecg-Ccc';
}]);
</script>
</body>
</html>
项目更复杂，页面相同(首页&index)，数据不同，需要对url进行传参。
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html ng-app="myApp">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>$route</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div ng-controller="Aaa">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('aaa/123')">首页</a>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('bbb')">内容</a>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('ccc')">标题</a>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('aaa/456')">index</a>
<div ng-view></div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']);
m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){
$routeProvider.when('/aaa/:num',{
template : '<h1>AAA</h1>{{name}}',
controller : 'Aaa'
}).when('/bbb',{
template : '<h1>BBB</h1>{{name}}',
controller : 'Bbb'
}).when('/ccc',{
template : '<h1>CCC</h1>{{name}}',
controller : 'Ccc'
}).otherwise({
redirectTo : '/aaa/:num'
});
}]);
m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope','$location','$routeParams',function($scope,$location,$routeParams){
$scope.name = 'xiecg-Aaa';
$scope.$location = $location;
console.log($routeParams); //不同的数据
}]);
m1.controller('Bbb',['$scope',function($scope){
$scope.name = 'xiecg-Bbb';
}]);
m1.controller('Ccc',['$scope',function($scope){
$scope.name = 'xiecg-Ccc';
}]);
</script>
</body>
</html>
路由的事件监听。
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html ng-app="myApp">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>$route</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div ng-controller="Aaa">
<a href="#aaa">首页</a>
<a href="#bbb">内容</a>
<a href="#ccc">标题</a>
<div ng-view></div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']);
m1.run(['$rootScope',function($rootScope){
//路由切换之前触发的事件
$rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart',function(event,current,pre){
console.log(event); //事件对象
console.log(current); //路径对应的数据值
console.log(pre); //上一个路径
});
}]);
m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){
$routeProvider.when('/aaa',{
template : '<h1>AAA</h1>'
//templateUrl : 'temp.html'
}).when('/bbb',{
template : '<h1>BBB</h1>'
}).when('/ccc',{
template : '<h1>CCC</h1>'
}).otherwise({ //默认哈希值，哈希值出现错误也可以执行
redirectTo : '/aaa'
});
}]);
m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope',function($scope){
}]);
</script>
</body>
</html>
补充：angular事件的传播机制。
<div ng-controller="Aaa">
{{count}}
<div ng-controller="Aaa" ng-click="$emit('myEvent')">
{{count}}
<div ng-controller="Aaa">
{{count}}
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
var m1 = angular.module('myApp',[]);
m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope',function($scope){
$scope.count = 0;
$scope.$on('myEvent',function(e){
//console.log(e.targetScope); //当前的
//console.log(e.currentScope); //目标的
//console.log(e.name); //事件名
//e.stopPropagation(); //阻止冒泡
$scope.count++;
});
}]);
</script>
前面嵌套了三个controller，我们在中间的controller上绑定了click事件，使用$emit点击的时候，上面的controller也会触发事件。
如果是$broadcast点击就是往下传播。
