java中四种生成和解析XML文档的方法详解（介绍+优缺点比较+示例）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<users>
  <user id="0">
    <name>Alexia</name>
    <age>23</age>
    <sex>Female</sex>
  </user>
  <user id="1">
    <name>Edward</name>
    <age>24</age>
    <sex>Male</sex>
  </user>
  <user id="2">
    <name>wjm</name>
    <age>23</age>
    <sex>Female</sex>
  </user>
  <user id="3">
    <name>wh</name>
    <age>24</age>
    <sex>Male</sex>
  </user>
</users>

/**
 * @author Alexia
 *
 * 定义XML文档解析的接口
 */
public interface XmlDocument {
  
  /**
   * 解析XML文档
   * 
   * @param fileName
   *      文件全路径名称
   */
  public void parserXml(String fileName);
}

package com.xml;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

/**
 * @author Alexia
 * 
 * DOM 解析XML文档
 */
public class DomDemo implements XmlDocument {
  private Document document;

  public void parserXml(String fileName) {
    try {
      DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
      DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
      Document document = db.parse(fileName);
      NodeList users = document.getChildNodes();
      
      for (int i = 0; i < users.getLength(); i++) {
        Node user = users.item(i);
        NodeList userInfo = user.getChildNodes();
        
        for (int j = 0; j < userInfo.getLength(); j++) {
          Node node = userInfo.item(j);
          NodeList userMeta = node.getChildNodes();
          
          for (int k = 0; k < userMeta.getLength(); k++) {
            if(userMeta.item(k).getNodeName() != "#text")
              System.out.println(userMeta.item(k).getNodeName()
                  + ":" + userMeta.item(k).getTextContent());
          }
          
          System.out.println();
        }
      }
      
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (SAXException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
}

package com.xml;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.StringWriter;

import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
import javax.xml.transform.Result;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.sax.SAXTransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.sax.TransformerHandler;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;

import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.AttributesImpl;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;

/**
 * @author Alexia
 * 
 * SAX 解析XML文档
 */
public class SaxDemo implements XmlDocument {

  public void parserXml(String fileName) {
    SAXParserFactory saxfac = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();

    try {
      SAXParser saxparser = saxfac.newSAXParser();
      InputStream is = new FileInputStream(fileName);
      saxparser.parse(is, new MySAXHandler());
    } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (SAXException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
}

class MySAXHandler extends DefaultHandler {
  boolean hasAttribute = false;
  Attributes attributes = null;

  public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
    // System.out.println("文档开始打印了");
  }

  public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
    // System.out.println("文档打印结束了");
  }

  public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,
      Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
    if (qName.equals("users")) {
      return;
    }
    if (qName.equals("user")) {
      return;
    }
    if (attributes.getLength() > 0) {
      this.attributes = attributes;
      this.hasAttribute = true;
    }
  }

  public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)
      throws SAXException {
    if (hasAttribute && (attributes != null)) {
      for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) {
        System.out.print(attributes.getQName(0) + ":"
            + attributes.getValue(0));
      }
    }
  }

  public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)
      throws SAXException {
    System.out.print(new String(ch, start, length));
  }
}

package com.xml;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

import org.jdom2.Document;
import org.jdom2.Element;
import org.jdom2.JDOMException;
import org.jdom2.input.SAXBuilder;
import org.jdom2.output.XMLOutputter;

/**
 * @author Alexia
 * 
 * JDOM 解析XML文档
 * 
 */
public class JDomDemo implements XmlDocument {

  public void parserXml(String fileName) {
    SAXBuilder builder = new SAXBuilder();

    try {
      Document document = builder.build(fileName);
      Element users = document.getRootElement();
      List userList = users.getChildren("user");

      for (int i = 0; i < userList.size(); i++) {
        Element user = (Element) userList.get(i);
        List userInfo = user.getChildren();

        for (int j = 0; j < userInfo.size(); j++) {
          System.out.println(((Element) userInfo.get(j)).getName()
              + ":" + ((Element) userInfo.get(j)).getValue());

        }
        System.out.println();
      }
    } catch (JDOMException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }

  }
}

package com.xml;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.util.Iterator;

import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;

/**
 * @author Alexia
 * 
 * Dom4j 解析XML文档
 */
public class Dom4jDemo implements XmlDocument {

  public void parserXml(String fileName) {
    File inputXml = new File(fileName);
    SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();

    try {
      Document document = saxReader.read(inputXml);
      Element users = document.getRootElement();
      for (Iterator i = users.elementIterator(); i.hasNext();) {
        Element user = (Element) i.next();
        for (Iterator j = user.elementIterator(); j.hasNext();) {
          Element node = (Element) j.next();
          System.out.println(node.getName() + ":" + node.getText());
        }
        System.out.println();
      }
    } catch (DocumentException e) {
      System.out.println(e.getMessage());
    }
  }

}