手把手编写PHP框架 深入了解MVC运行流程

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
  RewriteEngine On

  # 确保请求路径不是一个文件名或目录
  RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
  RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d

  # 重定向所有请求到 index.php?url=PATHNAME
  RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php?url=$1 [PT,L]
</IfModule>

 <?php

// 应用目录为当前目录
define('APP_PATH', __DIR__.'/');

// 开启调试模式
define('APP_DEBUG', true);

// 网站根URL
define('APP_URL', 'http://localhost/fastphp');

// 加载框架
require './fastphp/FastPHP.php';

<?php

// 初始化常量
defined('FRAME_PATH') or define('FRAME_PATH', __DIR__.'/');
defined('APP_PATH') or define('APP_PATH', dirname($_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME']).'/');
defined('APP_DEBUG') or define('APP_DEBUG', false);
defined('CONFIG_PATH') or define('CONFIG_PATH', APP_PATH.'config/');
defined('RUNTIME_PATH') or define('RUNTIME_PATH', APP_PATH.'runtime/');

// 包含配置文件
require APP_PATH . 'config/config.php';

//包含核心框架类
require FRAME_PATH . 'Core.php';

// 实例化核心类
$fast = new Core;
$fast->run();

 <?php
 
/** 变量配置 **/
 
define('DB_NAME', 'todo');
define('DB_USER', 'root');
define('DB_PASSWORD', 'root');
define('DB_HOST', 'localhost');

<?php
/**
 * FastPHP核心框架
 */
class Core
{
  // 运行程序
  function run()
  {
    spl_autoload_register(array($this, 'loadClass'));
    $this->setReporting();
    $this->removeMagicQuotes();
    $this->unregisterGlobals();
    $this->Route();
  }

  // 路由处理
  function Route()
  {
    $controllerName = 'Index';
    $action = 'index';

    if (!empty($_GET['url'])) {
      $url = $_GET['url'];
      $urlArray = explode('/', $url);
      
      // 获取控制器名
      $controllerName = ucfirst($urlArray[0]);
      
      // 获取动作名
      array_shift($urlArray);
      $action = empty($urlArray[0]) ? 'index' : $urlArray[0];
      
      //获取URL参数
      array_shift($urlArray);
      $queryString = empty($urlArray) ? array() : $urlArray;
    }

    // 数据为空的处理
    $queryString = empty($queryString) ? array() : $queryString;

    // 实例化控制器
    $controller = $controllerName . 'Controller';
    $dispatch = new $controller($controllerName, $action);

    // 如果控制器存和动作存在，这调用并传入URL参数
    if ((int)method_exists($controller, $action)) {
      call_user_func_array(array($dispatch, $action), $queryString);
    } else {
      exit($controller . "控制器不存在");
    }
  }

  // 检测开发环境
  function setReporting()
  {
    if (APP_DEBUG === true) {
      error_reporting(E_ALL);
      ini_set('display_errors','On');
    } else {
      error_reporting(E_ALL);
      ini_set('display_errors','Off');
      ini_set('log_errors', 'On');
      ini_set('error_log', RUNTIME_PATH. 'logs/error.log');
    }
  }

  // 删除敏感字符
  function stripSlashesDeep($value)
  {
    $value = is_array($value) ? array_map('stripSlashesDeep', $value) : stripslashes($value);
    return $value;
  }

  // 检测敏感字符并删除
  function removeMagicQuotes()
  {
    if ( get_magic_quotes_gpc()) {
      $_GET = stripSlashesDeep($_GET );
      $_POST = stripSlashesDeep($_POST );
      $_COOKIE = stripSlashesDeep($_COOKIE);
      $_SESSION = stripSlashesDeep($_SESSION);
    }
  }

  // 检测自定义全局变量（register globals）并移除
  function unregisterGlobals()
  {
    if (ini_get('register_globals')) {
      $array = array('_SESSION', '_POST', '_GET', '_COOKIE', '_REQUEST', '_SERVER', '_ENV', '_FILES');
      foreach ($array as $value) {
        foreach ($GLOBALS[$value] as $key => $var) {
          if ($var === $GLOBALS[$key]) {
            unset($GLOBALS[$key]);
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  // 自动加载控制器和模型类 
  static function loadClass($class)
  {
    $frameworks = FRAME_PATH . $class . '.class.php';
    $controllers = APP_PATH . 'application/controllers/' . $class . '.class.php';
    $models = APP_PATH . 'application/models/' . $class . '.class.php';

    if (file_exists($frameworks)) {
      // 加载框架核心类
      include $frameworks;
    } elseif (file_exists($controllers)) {
      // 加载应用控制器类
      include $controllers;
    } elseif (file_exists($models)) {
      //加载应用模型类
      include $models;
    } else {
      /* 错误代码 */
    }
  }
}

<?php 
/**
 * 控制器基类
 */
class Controller
{
  protected $_controller;
  protected $_action;
  protected $_view;
 
  // 构造函数，初始化属性，并实例化对应模型
  function __construct($controller, $action)
  {
    $this->_controller = $controller;
    $this->_action = $action;
    $this->_view = new View($controller, $action);
  }

  // 分配变量
  function assign($name, $value)
  {
    $this->_view->assign($name, $value);
  }

  // 渲染视图
  function __destruct()
  {
    $this->_view->render();
  }
}

 <?php

class Model extends Sql
{
  protected $_model;
  protected $_table;
 
  function __construct()
  {
    // 连接数据库
    $this->connect(DB_HOST, DB_USER, DB_PASSWORD, DB_NAME);
    
    // 获取模型名称
    $this->_model = get_class($this);
    $this->_model = rtrim($this->_model, 'Model');
    
    // 数据库表名与类名一致
    $this->_table = strtolower($this->_model);
  }
 
  function __destruct()
  {
  }
}

 <?php

class Sql
{
  protected $_dbHandle;
  protected $_result;

  // 连接数据库
  public function connect($host, $user, $pass, $dbname)
  {
    try {
      $dsn = sprintf("mysql:host=%s;dbname=%s;charset=utf8", $host, $dbname);
      $this->_dbHandle = new PDO($dsn, $user, $pass, array(PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC));
    } catch (PDOException $e) {
      exit('错误: ' . $e->getMessage());
    }
  }

  // 查询所有
  public function selectAll()
  {
    $sql = sprintf("select * from `%s`", $this->_table);
    $sth = $this->_dbHandle->prepare($sql);
    $sth->execute();

    return $sth->fetchAll();
  }

  // 根据条件 (id) 查询
  public function select($id)
  {
    $sql = sprintf("select * from `%s` where `id` = '%s'", $this->_table, $id);
    $sth = $this->_dbHandle->prepare($sql);
    $sth->execute();
    
    return $sth->fetch();
  }

  // 根据条件 (id) 删除
  public function delete($id)
  {
    $sql = sprintf("delete from `%s` where `id` = '%s'", $this->_table, $id);
    $sth = $this->_dbHandle->prepare($sql);
    $sth->execute();

    return $sth->rowCount();
  }

  // 自定义SQL查询，返回影响的行数
  public function query($sql)
  {
    $sth = $this->_dbHandle->prepare($sql);
    $sth->execute();

    return $sth->rowCount();
  }

  // 新增数据
  public function add($data)
  {
    $sql = sprintf("insert into `%s` %s", $this->_table, $this->formatInsert($data));

    return $this->query($sql);
  }

  // 修改数据
  public function update($id, $data)
  {
    $sql = sprintf("update `%s` set %s where `id` = '%s'", $this->_table, $this->formatUpdate($data), $id);

    return $this->query($sql);
  }

  // 将数组转换成插入格式的sql语句
  private function formatInsert($data)
  {
    $fields = array();
    $values = array();
    foreach ($data as $key => $value) {
      $fields[] = sprintf("`%s`", $key);
      $values[] = sprintf("'%s'", $value);
    }

    $field = implode(',', $fields);
    $value = implode(',', $values);

    return sprintf("(%s) values (%s)", $field, $value);
  }

  // 将数组转换成更新格式的sql语句
  private function formatUpdate($data)
  {
    $fields = array();
    foreach ($data as $key => $value) {
      $fields[] = sprintf("`%s` = '%s'", $key, $value);
    }

    return implode(',', $fields);
  }
}

 <?php
/**
 * 视图基类
 */
class View
{
  protected $variables = array();
  protected $_controller;
  protected $_action;

  function __construct($controller, $action)
  {
    $this->_controller = $controller;
    $this->_action = $action;
  }
 
  /** 分配变量 **/
  function assign($name, $value)
  {
    $this->variables[$name] = $value;
  }
 
  /** 渲染显示 **/
  function render()
  {
    extract($this->variables);
    $defaultHeader = APP_PATH . 'application/views/header.php';
    $defaultFooter = APP_PATH . 'application/views/footer.php';
    $controllerHeader = APP_PATH . 'application/views/' . $this->_controller . '/header.php';
    $controllerFooter = APP_PATH . 'application/views/' . $this->_controller . '/footer.php';
    
    // 页头文件
    if (file_exists($controllerHeader)) {
      include ($controllerHeader);
    } else {
      include ($defaultHeader);
    }

    // 页内容文件
    include (APP_PATH . 'application/views/' . $this->_controller . '/' . $this->_action . '.php');
    
    // 页脚文件
    if (file_exists($controllerFooter)) {
      include ($controllerFooter);
    } else {
      include ($defaultFooter);
    }
  }
}

CREATE DATABASE `todo` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
USE `todo`;

CREATE TABLE `item` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `item_name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
 
INSERT INTO `item` VALUES(1, 'Hello World.');
INSERT INTO `item` VALUES(2, 'Lets go!'); 

 <?php

class ItemModel extends Model
{
  /* 业务逻辑层实现 */
}

 <?php
 
class ItemController extends Controller
{
  // 首页方法，测试框架自定义DB查询
  public function index()
  {
    $items = (new ItemModel)->selectAll();

    $this->assign('title', '全部条目');
    $this->assign('items', $items);
  }
  
  // 添加记录，测试框架DB记录创建（Create）
  public function add()
  {
    $data['item_name'] = $_POST['value'];
    $count = (new ItemModel)->add($data);

    $this->assign('title', '添加成功');
    $this->assign('count', $count);
  }
  
  // 查看记录，测试框架DB记录读取（Read）
  public function view($id = null)
  {
    $item = (new ItemModel)->select($id);

    $this->assign('title', '正在查看' . $item['item_name']);
    $this->assign('item', $item);
  }
  
  // 更新记录，测试框架DB记录更新（Update）
  public function update()
  {
    $data = array('id' => $_POST['id'], 'item_name' => $_POST['value']);
    $count = (new ItemModel)->update($data['id'], $data);

    $this->assign('title', '修改成功');
    $this->assign('count', $count);
  }
  
  // 删除记录，测试框架DB记录删除（Delete）
  public function delete($id = null)
  {
    $count = (new ItemModel)->delete($id);

    $this->assign('title', '删除成功');
    $this->assign('count', $count);
  }
}

 <html>
<head>
  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
  <title><?php echo $title ?></title>
  <style>
    .item {
      width:400px;
    }
 
    input {
      color:#222222;
      font-family:georgia,times;
      font-size:24px;
      font-weight:normal;
      line-height:1.2em;
      color:black;
    }
 
    a {
      color:blue;
      font-family:georgia,times;
      font-size:20px;
      font-weight:normal;
      line-height:1.2em;
      text-decoration:none;
     }
 
    a:hover {
      text-decoration:underline;
    }

    h1 {
      color:#000000;
      font-size:41px;
      letter-spacing:-2px;
      line-height:1em;
      font-family:helvetica,arial,sans-serif;
      border-bottom:1px dotted #cccccc;
    }
 
    h2 {
      color:#000000;
      font-size:34px;
      letter-spacing:-2px;
      line-height:1em;
      font-family:helvetica,arial,sans-serif;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <h1><?php echo $title ?></h1>
 
footer.php，内容：
 </body>
</html>

 <form action="<?php echo APP_URL ?>/item/add" method="post">
  <input type="text" value="点击添加" onclick="this.value=''" name="value">
  <input type="submit" value="添加">
</form>
<br/><br/>

<?php $number = 0?>
 
<?php foreach ($items as $item): ?>
  <a class="big" href="<?php echo APP_URL ?>/item/view/<?php echo $item['id'] ?>" title="点击修改">
    <span class="item">
      <?php echo ++$number ?>
      <?php echo $item['item_name'] ?>
    </span>
  </a>
  ----
  <a class="big" href="<?php echo APP_URL ?>/item/delete/<?php echo $item['id']?>">删除</a>
<br/>
<?php endforeach ?>

 <form action="<?php echo APP_URL ?>/item/update" method="post">
  <input type="text" name="value" value="<?php echo $item['item_name'] ?>">
  <input type="hidden" name="id" value="<?php echo $item['id'] ?>">
  <input type="submit" value="修改">
</form>

<a class="big" href="<?php echo APP_URL ?>/item/index">返回</a>