时间:2020-11-18 01:18:13 | 栏目:JAVA代码 | 点击:次
1、为什么使用@SpringBootApplication注解,即可做到自动配置?
答:@SpringBootApplication,内部起作用的注解其实有3个。@EnableAutoConfiguration,@ComponentScan,@Configuration。这篇文章主要是讲解@EnableXX注解
2、为什么使用了@EnableAutoConfiguration。当使用了@ConfigurationProperties时,即可自动导入.yml 或者.properties里面的配置项?
答:在@EnableAutoConfiguration内部,使用了@Import注解。导入AutoConfigurationImportSelector帮助springBoot将符合条件的Configuration加载到IOC容器中。但是内部其实使用了SpringFactoriesLoader来完成。类似与java SPI的功能
,即从/META-INF/spring.factories加载配置
@Target({ElementType.TYPE}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Inherited @AutoConfigurationPackage @Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class}) public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration
可以看到@Import中,其实是导入了一个AutoConfigurationImportSelector的类。最关键的是,该类实现了接口ImportSelector
public interface ImportSelector { /** * Select and return the names of which class(es) should be imported based on * the {@link AnnotationMetadata} of the importing @{@link Configuration} class. */ String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata); }
这是ImportSelector的描述,大概意思就是,该方法返回的Bean 会自动的被注入,被Spring所管理。
接着来看 AutoConfigurationImportSelector中 selectImports 的实现
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) { if(!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) { return NO_IMPORTS; } else { AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata = AutoConfigurationMetadataLoader.loadMetadata(this.beanClassLoader); AnnotationAttributes attributes = this.getAttributes(annotationMetadata); List<String> configurations = this.getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes); configurations = this.removeDuplicates(configurations); Set<String> exclusions = this.getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes); this.checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions); configurations.removeAll(exclusions); configurations = this.filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata); this.fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions); return StringUtils.toStringArray(configurations); } }
代码都写得很清楚。就不解释了。
在@Import中,可以看到 有个链接指向了 ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar。这同样是一个接口,作用跟 ImportSelector 一样。
public interface ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar { public void registerBeanDefinitions( AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry); }
在registerBeanDefinitions方法中,可以用BeanDefinitionRegistry 注入我们想要注入的Bean。
代码示例:
使用@Import编写自己的@Enable
1、创建2个测试Bean
public class Role { } public class User { }
2、自定义Enable注解
@Target({ElementType.TYPE}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Import(MyEnableAutoConfig.class) public @interface EnableBean { }
3、实现自己的EnableAutoConfiguration类
public class MyEnableAutoConfig implements ImportSelector{ @Override public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata) { return new String[]{"com.xhn2.Role","com.xhn2.User"}; } }
4、编写启动类
@EnableBean @ComponentScan("com.xhn2") public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(Main.class, args); System.out.println(context.getBean(User.class)); System.out.println(context.getBean(Role.class)); } }
5、运行结果
com.xhn2.User@496bc455
com.xhn2.Role@59402b8f
控制台成功打印。
代码示例2,自动装配第3方jar包的Bean
新建maven工程
1、pom.xml
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>org.csp</groupId> <artifactId>hello</artifactId> <version>1.0.0</version> <properties> <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>4.3.17.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
2、编写Configuration
@Configuration public class MyTest { @Bean public Runnable runnable() { return ()->{}; } }
在resources下新建META-INF/spring.factories文件,加入以下配置
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=com.edu.MyTest
3、将项目安装到本地maven仓库:mvn install
4、主工程引入刚才安装到本地的jar。
<dependency> <groupId>org.csp</groupId> <artifactId>hello</artifactId> <version>1.0.0</version> </dependency>
5、获取刚才配置的Runnable
@SpringBootApplication public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication application = new SpringApplication(Main.class); ConfigurableApplicationContext context = application.run(args); System.out.println(context.getBean(Runnable.class)); } }
6、控制台打印
com.edu.MyTest$$Lambda$153/284686302@2c07545f