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C#异步编程Task的创建方式

时间:2023-02-16 09:33:52 | 栏目:.NET代码 | 点击:

一、简介

ThreadPool相比Thread来说具备了很多优势,但是ThreadPool却又存在一些使用上的不方便。比如:
Task支持线程的取消、完成、失败通知等交互性操作,但是ThreadPool不支持;
Task支持线程执行的先后次序,但是ThreadPool不支持;;
以往,如果开发者要实现上述功能,需要完成很多额外的工作,现在,FCL中提供了一个功能更强大的概念:Task。Task在线程池的基础上进行了优化,并提供了更多的API。在FCL4.0中,如果我们要编写多线程程序,Task显然已经优于传统的方式。

            Task t = new Task(() =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Start……");
                //模拟工作过程
                Thread.Sleep(5000);
            });
            t.Start();
            t.ContinueWith((task) =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Already Finished,States:");
                Console.WriteLine("IsCanceled={0}\tIsCompleted={1}\tIsFaulted={2}", task.IsCanceled, task.IsCompleted, task.IsFaulted);
            });
            Console.ReadKey();

二、Task创建

无返回值创建方式

线程引用方法:

        static void TaskMethod(string name)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Task: {0} is running on a thread id {1}. Is thread pool thread: {2}",
                name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
        }

方式一:

            //方式一
            var t1 = new Task(() => TaskMethod("Task_1"));
            t1.Start();
            //等待所有任务结束 
            //任务的状态:
            //Start之前为:Created
            //Start之后为:WaitingToRun
            Task.WaitAll(t1);////等待所有任务结束

方式二:

            //方式二
            Task.Run(() => TaskMethod("Task_2"));

方式三:

            //方式三
            Task.Factory.StartNew(() => TaskMethod("Task_3")); //直接异步的方法
             //或者
            var t3 = Task.Factory.StartNew(() => TaskMethod("Task_3"));
            Task.WaitAll(t3);//等待所有任务结束 
            //任务的状态
            //Start之前为:Running       
            //Start之后为:Running

实例:

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var t1 = new Task(() => TaskMethod("Task_1"));
            var t2 = new Task(() => TaskMethod("Task_2"));
            t2.Start();
            t1.Start();
            Task.WaitAll(t1, t2);
            Task.Run(() => TaskMethod("Task_3"));
            Task.Factory.StartNew(() => TaskMethod("Task_4"));
            //标记为长时间运行任务,则任务不会使用线程池,而在单独的线程中运行。
            Task.Factory.StartNew(() => TaskMethod("Task_5"), TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning);

            #region 常规的使用方式
            Console.WriteLine("主線程執行業務處理.");
            //创建任务
            Task task = new Task(() =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine("使用System.Threading.Tasks.Task執行異步操作.");
                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(i);
                }
            });
            //启动任务,并安排到当前任务队列线程中执行任务(System.Threading.Tasks.TaskScheduler)
            task.Start();
            Console.WriteLine("主線程執行其他處理");
            task.Wait();
            #endregion

            Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        static void TaskMethod(string name)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Task {0} is running on a thread id {1}. Is thread pool thread: {2}",
                name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
        }
    }

结果:

async/await的实现方式:

    class Program
    {
        async static void AsyncFunction()
        {
            await Task.Delay(1);
            Console.WriteLine("使用System.Threading.Tasks.Task執行異步操作.");
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(string.Format("AsyncFunction:i={0}", i));
            }
        }

        public static void Main()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("主線程執行業務處理.");
            AsyncFunction();
            Console.WriteLine("主線程執行其他處理");
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Main:i={0}", i));
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }

结果:

带返回值方式

线程引用方法

        static Task<int> CreateTask(string name)
        {
            return new Task<int>(() => TaskMethod1(name));
        }
        static int TaskMethod1(string name)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Task {0} is running on a thread id {1}. Is thread pool thread: {2}",
                name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
            Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));
            return 42;
        }

方式四:

            //方式四
            Task<int> task = CreateTask("Task_1");
            task.Start();
            int result = task.Result;

实例:

    class Program
    {
        static Task<int> CreateTask(string name)
        {
            return new Task<int>(() => TaskMethod(name));
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            TaskMethod("Main Thread Task");
            Task<int> task = CreateTask("Task_1");
            task.Start();
            int result = task.Result;
            Console.WriteLine("Task_1 Result is: {0}", result);

            task = CreateTask("Task_2");
            //该任务会运行在主线程中
            task.RunSynchronously();
            result = task.Result;
            Console.WriteLine("Task_2 Result is: {0}", result);

            task = CreateTask("Task_3");
            Console.WriteLine(task.Status);
            task.Start();

            while (!task.IsCompleted)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(task.Status);
                Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(0.5));
            }

            Console.WriteLine(task.Status);
            result = task.Result;
            Console.WriteLine("Task_3 Result is: {0}", result);

            #region 常规使用方式
            //创建任务
            Task<int> getsumtask = new Task<int>(() => Getsum());
            //启动任务,并安排到当前任务队列线程中执行任务(System.Threading.Tasks.TaskScheduler)
            getsumtask.Start();
            Console.WriteLine("主線程執行其他處理");
            //等待任务的完成执行过程。
            getsumtask.Wait();
            //获得任务的执行结果
            Console.WriteLine("任務執行結果:{0}", getsumtask.Result.ToString());
            Console.ReadLine();
            #endregion
        }

        static int TaskMethod(string name)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Task: {0} is running on a thread id {1}. Is thread pool thread: {2}",
                name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
            Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));
            return 42;
        }

        static int Getsum()
        {
            int sum = 0;
            Console.WriteLine("使用Task執行異步操作.");
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
            {
                sum += i;
            }
            return sum;
        }
    }

结果:

async/await的实现:

    class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            var ret1 = AsyncGetsum();
            Console.WriteLine("主線程執行其他處理");
            for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
                Console.WriteLine("Call Main()");
            int result = ret1.Result;                  //阻塞主线程
            Console.WriteLine("任務執行結果:{0}", result);
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        async static Task<int> AsyncGetsum()
        {
            await Task.Delay(1);
            int sum = 0;
            Console.WriteLine("使用Task執行異步操作.");
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
            {
                sum += i;
            }
            return sum;
        }
    }

结果:

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