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SpringBoot2.x 参数校验问题小结

时间：2023-01-20 09:35:13 | 栏目：JAVA代码 | 点击：次

本文主要对SpringBoot2.x参数校验进行简单总结，其中SpringBoot使用的2.4.5版本。

一、引入依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- lombok插件 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
    <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
    <version>1.18.8</version>
</dependency>

二、实体类

User类：

package com.rtxtitanv.model;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Length;

import javax.validation.constraints.*;

/**
 * @author rtxtitanv
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @name com.rtxtitanv.model.User
 * @description 用户实体类
 * @date 2021/8/15 16:28
 */
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Data
public class User {
    @NotNull(message = "id不能为空")
    private Long id;
    @Length(min = 6, max = 20, message = "用户名长度不小于6，不超过20")
    @NotNull(message = "用户名不能为空")
    private String username;
    @Pattern(regexp = "^[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9_]{5,19}$", message = "密码以大写英文字母开头，只包含英文字母、数字、下划线，长度在6到20之间")
    @NotNull(message = "密码不能为空")
    private String password;
    @Max(value = 60, message = "年龄最大为60")
    @Min(value = 18, message = "年龄最小为18")
    @NotNull(message = "年龄不能为空")
    private Integer age;
    @Email(message = "邮箱格式不正确")
    @NotEmpty(message = "邮箱不能为空")
    private String email;
    private String rank;
}

通用响应类：

package com.rtxtitanv.model;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * @author rtxtitanv
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @name com.rtxtitanv.model.CommonResult
 * @description 通用响应类
 * @date 2021/8/15 17:35
 */
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Data
public class CommonResult<T> implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 5231430760082814286L;
    private int code;
    private String message;
    private T data;

    public static <T> CommonResult<T> ok(String message, T data) {
        return new CommonResult<T>(HttpStatus.OK.value(), message, data);
    }

    public static <T> CommonResult<T> fail(int code, String message, T data) {
        return new CommonResult<>(code, message, data);
    }
}

三、常用的校验注解

这里对一些用于参数校验的常用注解进行总结：

四、校验Controller中的参数

1.校验请求体

创建UserController，在需要校验的参数上添加@Valid注解：

package com.rtxtitanv.controller;

import com.rtxtitanv.model.CommonResult;
import com.rtxtitanv.model.User;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import javax.validation.Valid;

/**
 * @author rtxtitanv
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @name com.rtxtitanv.controller.UserController
 * @description UserController
 * @date 2021/8/15 16:33
 */
@RequestMapping("/user")
@RestController
public class UserController {

    @PostMapping("/save")
    public CommonResult<User> saveUser(@RequestBody @Valid User user) {
        return CommonResult.ok("保存用户成功", user);
    }
}

启动项目，发送如下POST请求，请求地址为http://localhost:8080/user/save：

1

如果验证失败会抛出MethodArgumentNotValidException，默认情况下，Spring会将MethodArgumentNotValidException异常转换为HTTP Status 400。查看控制台打印的日志发现抛出了MethodArgumentNotValidException：

2

创建全局异常处理类捕获异常并进行处理：

package com.rtxtitanv.handler;

import com.rtxtitanv.model.CommonResult;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.validation.FieldError;
import org.springframework.web.bind.MethodArgumentNotValidException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @author rtxtitanv
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @name com.rtxtitanv.handler.GlobalExceptionHandler
 * @description 全局异常处理类
 * @date 2021/8/15 16:36
 */
@RestControllerAdvice(annotations = {Controller.class, RestController.class})
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    @ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
    @ResponseStatus(code = HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
    public CommonResult<Map<String, String>> validateException(MethodArgumentNotValidException e) {
        Map<String, String> errors = new HashMap<>(16);
        e.getBindingResult().getAllErrors()
            .forEach(error -> errors.put(((FieldError)error).getField(), error.getDefaultMessage()));
        return CommonResult.fail(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.value(), "无效的参数", errors);
    }
}

重启项目后再次发送如下POST请求：

3

2.校验请求参数

UserController上添加Validated注解并新增以下方法：

@GetMapping("/get/{id}")
public CommonResult<User>
    getUserById(@Valid @PathVariable(value = "id") @Min(value = 1, message = "id不能小于1") Long id) {
    User user = new User(id, "ZhaoYun", "A123456sd", 20, "zhaoyun123@xxx.com", "黄金");
    return CommonResult.ok("根据id查询用户成功", user);
}

@DeleteMapping("/delete")
public CommonResult<User> deleteByUsername(
    @Valid @RequestParam(value = "username") @Size(min = 6, max = 20, message = "用户名长度不在指定范围内") String username) {
    User user = new User(1L, username, "A123456sd", 20, "zhaoyun123@xxx.com", "黄金");
    return CommonResult.ok("根据用户名删除用户成功", user);
}

全局异常处理类中新增以下方法：

@ExceptionHandler(ConstraintViolationException.class)
@ResponseStatus(code = HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
public CommonResult<Map<String, String>> handleConstraintViolationException(ConstraintViolationException e) {
    Map<String, String> errors = new HashMap<>(16);
    e.getConstraintViolations().forEach(constraintViolation -> errors
        .put(constraintViolation.getPropertyPath().toString(), constraintViolation.getMessage()));
    return CommonResult.fail(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.value(), "无效的参数", errors);
}

发送如下GET请求，请求地址为http://localhost:8080/user/get/0：

4

发送如下DELETE请求，请求地址为http://localhost:8080/user/delete?username=ZhaoZiLong_1896582826：

5

五、校验Service中的参数

通过@Validated和@Valid注解组合使用不仅可以校验Controller中的参数，还可以校验任何Spring组件中的参数。

UserService：

package com.rtxtitanv.service;

import com.rtxtitanv.model.CommonResult;
import com.rtxtitanv.model.User;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;

import javax.validation.Valid;

/**
 * @author rtxtitanv
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @name com.rtxtitanv.service.UserService
 * @description UserService
 * @date 2021/8/15 16:46
 */
@Validated
public interface UserService {
    /**
     * 更新用户
     *
     * @param user 用户参数
     * @return CommonResult<User>
     */
    CommonResult<User> updateUser(@Valid User user);
}

UserService实现类：

package com.rtxtitanv.service.impl;

import com.rtxtitanv.model.CommonResult;
import com.rtxtitanv.model.User;
import com.rtxtitanv.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * @author rtxtitanv
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @name com.rtxtitanv.service.impl.UserServiceImpl
 * @description UserService实现类
 * @date 2021/8/15 16:46
 */
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    @Override
    public CommonResult<User> updateUser(User user) {
        return CommonResult.ok("更新用户成功", user);
    }
}

UserController中新增以下代码：

@Resource
private UserService userService;

@PutMapping("/update")
public CommonResult<User> updateUser(@RequestBody User user) {
    return userService.updateUser(user);
}

发送如下PUT请求，请求地址为http://localhost:8080/user/update：

6

六、编程式校验

通过Validator实例可以手动进行参数校验。UserController中新增以下代码：

@Resource
private Validator validator;

@PostMapping("/insert")
public CommonResult<User> insertUser(@RequestBody User user) {
    if (!validator.validate(user).isEmpty()) {
        throw new ConstraintViolationException(validator.validate(user));
    }
    return CommonResult.ok("添加用户成功", user);
}

发送如下POST请求，请求地址为http://localhost:8080/user/insert：

7

七、自定义校验注解

如果自带的校验注解无法满足需求，还可以自定义校验注解。首先创建如下注解用于密码校验：

package com.rtxtitanv.annotation;

import com.rtxtitanv.validator.PasswordValidator;

import javax.validation.Constraint;
import javax.validation.Payload;
import java.lang.annotation.*;

/**
 * @author rtxtitanv
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @name com.rtxtitanv.annotation.Password
 * @description 自定义密码校验注解
 * @date 2021/8/16 14:54
 */
@Documented
@Constraint(validatedBy = PasswordValidator.class)
@Target({ElementType.FIELD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Password {

    String message() default "无效密码";

    Class<?>[] groups() default {};

    Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default {};
}

然后创建ConstraintValidator接口的实现类并重写isValid方法：

package com.rtxtitanv.validator;

import com.rtxtitanv.annotation.Password;

import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator;
import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext;

/**
 * @author rtxtitanv
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @name com.rtxtitanv.validator.PasswordValidator
 * @description PasswordValidator
 * @date 2021/8/16 15:01
 */
public class PasswordValidator implements ConstraintValidator<Password, String> {
    @Override
    public boolean isValid(String value, ConstraintValidatorContext context) {
        if (value == null) {
            return true;
        }
        // 密码必须以大写英文字母开头，只包含英文字母、数字、下划线，长度在6到20之间
        return value.matches("^[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9_]{5,19}$");
    }
}

创建如下注解用于密码校验：

package com.rtxtitanv.annotation;

import com.rtxtitanv.validator.RankValidator;

import javax.validation.Constraint;
import javax.validation.Payload;
import java.lang.annotation.*;

/**
 * @author rtxtitanv
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @name com.rtxtitanv.annotation.Rank
 * @description 自定义用户段位校验注解
 * @date 2021/8/16 15:12
 */
@Documented
@Constraint(validatedBy = RankValidator.class)
@Target({ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.PARAMETER})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Rank {

    String message() default "rank值无效";

    Class<?>[] groups() default {};

    Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default {};
}

创建ConstraintValidator接口的实现类并重写isValid方法，：

package com.rtxtitanv.validator;

import com.rtxtitanv.annotation.Rank;

import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator;
import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext;
import java.util.HashSet;

/**
 * @author rtxtitanv
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @name com.rtxtitanv.validator.RankValidator
 * @description RankValidator
 * @date 2021/8/16 15:18
 */
public class RankValidator implements ConstraintValidator<Rank, String> {
    @Override
    public boolean isValid(String value, ConstraintValidatorContext context) {
        HashSet<String> ranks = new HashSet<>();
        ranks.add("无段位");
        ranks.add("青铜");
        ranks.add("白银");
        ranks.add("黄金");
        ranks.add("铂金");
        ranks.add("钻石");
        // 段位必须为无段位、青铜、白银、黄金、铂金、钻石之一
        return ranks.contains(value);
    }
}

修改User类，使用自定义校验注解：

package com.rtxtitanv.model;

import com.rtxtitanv.annotation.Password;
import com.rtxtitanv.annotation.Rank;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Length;

import javax.validation.constraints.*;

/**
 * @author rtxtitanv
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @name com.rtxtitanv.model.User
 * @description 用户实体类
 * @date 2021/8/15 16:28
 */
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Data
public class User {
    @NotNull(message = "id不能为空")
    private Long id;
    @Length(min = 6, max = 20, message = "用户名长度不小于6，不超过20")
    @NotNull(message = "用户名不能为空")
    private String username;
    @Password(message = "密码必须以大写英文字母开头，只包含英文字母、数字、下划线，长度在6到20之间")
    @NotNull(message = "密码不能为空")
    private String password;
    @Max(value = 60, message = "年龄最大为60")
    @Min(value = 18, message = "年龄最小为18")
    @NotNull(message = "年龄不能为空")
    private Integer age;
    @Email(message = "邮箱格式不正确")
    @NotEmpty(message = "邮箱不能为空")
    private String email;
    @Rank(message = "段位必须为无段位、青铜、白银、黄金、铂金、钻石之一")
    private String rank;
}

发送如下POST请求，请求地址为http://localhost:8080/user/save：

8

八、分组校验

在参数校验时如果想针对不同的方法使用不同的校验规则，则可以使用分组校验。下面创建两个用于分组校验的接口：

public interface AddUserGroup {}
public interface ModifyUserGroup {}

在User类的实例域id上添加以下注解：

@NotNull(message = "id不能为空", groups = ModifyUserGroup.class)
@Null(message = "id必须为空", groups = AddUserGroup.class)

不写groups属性，则为默认分组。

UserController中新增以下方法：

@PostMapping("/add")
public CommonResult<User> addUser(@RequestBody @Validated(value = AddUserGroup.class) User user) {
    return CommonResult.ok("新增用户成功", user);
}

@PutMapping("/modify")
public CommonResult<User> modifyUser(@RequestBody @Validated(value = ModifyUserGroup.class) User user) {
    return CommonResult.ok("修改用户成功", user);
}

发送如下POST请求，请求地址为http://localhost:8080/user/add：

9

发送如下PUT请求，请求地址为http://localhost:8080/user/modify：

10

根据测试结果可知，方法addUser的参数使用的@Null校验，方法modifyUser的参数使用的@NotNull校验，成功实现了分组校验。

九、嵌套的参数校验

一个实体中嵌套一个实体时，通过在嵌套的实体类型属性上添加@Valid注解，可以对嵌套的参数进行校验。

Account类：

package com.rtxtitanv.model;

import com.rtxtitanv.annotation.Password;
import lombok.Data;

import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
import javax.validation.constraints.Size;

/**
 * @author rtxtitanv
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @name com.rtxtitanv.model.Account
 * @description 账户实体类
 * @date 2021/8/17 16:25
 */
@Data
public class Account {
    @NotNull(message = "账户id不能为空")
    private Long accountId;
    @Size(min = 6, max = 20, message = "账户名长度不小于6，不超过20")
    @NotNull(message = "账户名不能为空")
    private String accountName;
    @Password(message = "密码必须以大写英文字母开头，只包含英文字母、数字、下划线，长度在6到20之间")
    @NotNull(message = "账户密码不能为空")
    private String accountPassword;
}

Order类：

package com.rtxtitanv.model;

import lombok.Data;

import javax.validation.Valid;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotEmpty;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;

/**
 * @author rtxtitanv
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @name com.rtxtitanv.model.Order
 * @description 订单实体类
 * @date 2021/8/17 16:55
 */
@Data
public class Order {
    @NotNull(message = "订单id不能为空")
    private Long orderId;
    @NotEmpty(message = "订单号不能为空")
    private String orderNumber;
    @NotEmpty(message = "订单描述信息不能为空")
    private String orderDescription;
    @Valid
    private Account account;
}

OrderController：

package com.rtxtitanv.controller;

import com.rtxtitanv.model.CommonResult;
import com.rtxtitanv.model.Order;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.validation.Valid;

/**
 * @author rtxtitanv
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @name com.rtxtitanv.controller.OrderController
 * @description OrderController
 * @date 2021/8/17 17:00
 */
@RequestMapping("/order")
@RestController
@Validated
public class OrderController {

    @PostMapping("/save")
    public CommonResult<Order> saveOrder(@RequestBody @Valid Order order) {
        return CommonResult.ok("订单保存成功", order);
    }
}

发送如下POST请求，请求地址为http://localhost:8080/order/save，发现嵌套的参数也被校验：

11

代码示例

Github：https://github.com/RtxTitanV/springboot-learning/tree/master/springboot2.x-learning/springboot-validatorGitee：https://gitee.com/RtxTitanV/springboot-learning/tree/master/springboot2.x-learning/springboot-validator

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