时间:2023-01-07 09:28:49 | 栏目: | 点击:次
之所以要说这个问题,是因为项目中用到了not exists,但两者写的语句只有一点差别,结果一个有问题了,一个没问题。具体问题下面详细说明,先来看看exists如何应用。
强调的是是否有返回集,不需知道具体返回的是什么,比如:
SELECT * FROM customer WHERE not EXISTS ( SELECT 0 FROM customer_goods WHERE customer_id = 1 )
只要exists引导的子句有结果集返回,这个条件就算成立。这个返回的字段始终是0,改成1,则始终返回的是1,所以exists不
在乎返回的是什么内容,只在乎是否有结果集返回。
这二者最大的区别,是使用in只能返回一个字段值
SELECT * FROM customer c WHERE c.id not in ( SELECT customer_id FROM customer_goods WHERE customer_id = 1 )
但exists允许返回多个字段。
not in 和not exists 分别为in 和exists的对立面。
exists(sql 返回结果集为真)
not exists(sql 不返回结果集为真)
表customer:
表customer_goods:
二者的干系:customer_goods.customer_id = customer.id
(1) 查询:
SELECT * FROM customer c WHERE NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM customer_goods cg WHERE cg.customer_id =1 )
结果:
无返回结果
(2)查询:
SELECT * FROM customer c WHERE NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM customer_goods cg WHERE c.id =1 )
结果:
(3)分析:
发现二者差别只是是否not exists字句查询的查询条件是否跟外面查询条件有关,如果not exists子查询只有自己本身的查询条件,这样只要子查询中有数据返回,就证明是false,结果在整体执行就无返回值;一旦跟外面的查询关联上,就能准确查出数据。
而我遇到的问题正是这个。
经过分析,我认为一旦跟外层查询关联上,就会扫描外面查询的表。而没一旦二者不添加关联关系,只会根据not exists返回是否有结果集来判断,这也是为什么一旦子查询有数据,就查不到所有的数据了。
来看看not exists或exists是如何用的吧。
# 学生表 CREATE TABLE `Student`( `s_id` VARCHAR(20), `s_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `s_birth` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `s_sex` VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`) ); # 课程表 CREATE TABLE `Course`( `c_id` VARCHAR(20), `c_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `t_id` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY(`c_id`) ); # 教师表 CREATE TABLE `Teacher`( `t_id` VARCHAR(20), `t_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', PRIMARY KEY(`t_id`) ); # 成绩表 CREATE TABLE `Score`( `s_id` VARCHAR(20), `c_id` VARCHAR(20), `s_score` INT(3), PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`,`c_id`) ); # 插入学生表测试数据 insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男'); insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男'); insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-05-20' , '男'); insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-08-06' , '男'); insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女'); insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-03-01' , '女'); insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-07-01' , '女'); insert into Student values('08' , '王菊' , '1990-01-20' , '女'); #课程表测试数据 insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02'); insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01'); insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03'); # 教师表测试数据 insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三'); insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四'); insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五'); #成绩表测试数据 insert into Score values('01' , '01' , 80); insert into Score values('01' , '02' , 90); insert into Score values('01' , '03' , 99); insert into Score values('02' , '01' , 70); insert into Score values('02' , '02' , 60); insert into Score values('02' , '03' , 80); insert into Score values('03' , '01' , 80); insert into Score values('03' , '02' , 80); insert into Score values('03' , '03' , 80); insert into Score values('04' , '01' , 50); insert into Score values('04' , '02' , 30); insert into Score values('04' , '03' , 20); insert into Score values('05' , '01' , 76); insert into Score values('05' , '02' , 87); insert into Score values('06' , '01' , 31); insert into Score values('06' , '03' , 34); insert into Score values('07' , '02' , 89); insert into Score values('07' , '03' , 98);
题目是查询和"01"号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息,直接做确实有点麻烦,我们可以先做做这题:查看学了所有课程的同学的信息。
学了所有课程的同学的信息,那不就是这些同学没有一门课程没有学吗。
select * from Student st where not exists(select * from Course c where not exists(select * from Score sc where sc.c_id = c.c_id and sc.s_id = st.s_id));
然后我们再回过来看这题,把所有的课程换成01同学学的课程。
select * from Student st where not exists(select * from ( select s2.c_id as c_id from Student s1 inner join Score s2 on s1.s_id = s2.s_id where s1.s_id = 01) t where not exists (select * from Score sc where sc.c_id = t.c_id and sc.s_id = st.s_id and st.s_id != 01));