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Java 深入理解创建型设计模式之原型模式

时间:2022-12-15 10:32:23 | 栏目:JAVA代码 | 点击:

1.思考问题

现在有一只羊 tom,姓名为: tom,年龄为:1,颜色为:白色,请编写程序创建和 tom羊属性完全相同的10只羊。

按照传统的思路来,我们可能会按照下面的方式去写。

那么这种写法的优缺点自然而然就出来了:

2.什么是原型模式?

原型模式相关的类图如下:

3.克隆羊多莉案例代码(浅拷贝)

这里由于我是新建的普通Java项目,并不是maven项目,所以没法加lombok依赖。那么这里的构造器、setter/getter方法显得这个类的篇幅比较长。。。

package com.szh.prototype.shallowclone;
 
public class Sheep implements Cloneable {
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private String color;
    private Sheep friend;
 
    public Sheep(String name, Integer age, String color) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.color = color;
    }
 
    public Sheep(String name, Integer age, String color, Sheep friend) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.color = color;
        this.friend = friend;
    }
 
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
 
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
 
    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }
 
    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
 
    public String getColor() {
        return color;
    }
 
    public void setColor(String color) {
        this.color = color;
    }
 
    public Sheep getFriend() {
        return friend;
    }
 
    public void setFriend(Sheep friend) {
        this.friend = friend;
    }
 
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Sheep{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", color='" + color + '\'' +
                ", friend=" + friend +
                '}';
    }
 
    //克隆该实例,使用默认的clone方法来完成
    @Override
    protected Object clone()  {
        Sheep sheep = null;
        try {
            sheep = (Sheep) super.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }
        return sheep;
    }
}
package com.szh.prototype.shallowclone;
 
public class MainTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Sheep sheep = new Sheep("多莉",5,"黑白相间",new Sheep("喜羊羊",1,"白色"));
 
        Sheep sheep2 = (Sheep) sheep.clone();
        Sheep sheep3 = (Sheep) sheep.clone();
        Sheep sheep4 = (Sheep) sheep.clone();
        Sheep sheep5 = (Sheep) sheep.clone();
 
        System.out.println(sheep + "  sheep.friend.hashCode = " + sheep.getFriend().hashCode());
        System.out.println(sheep2 + "  sheep2.friend.hashCode = " + sheep2.getFriend().hashCode());
        System.out.println(sheep3 + "  sheep3.friend.hashCode = " + sheep3.getFriend().hashCode());
        System.out.println(sheep4 + "  sheep4.friend.hashCode = " + sheep4.getFriend().hashCode());
        System.out.println(sheep5 + "  sheep5.friend.hashCode = " + sheep5.getFriend().hashCode());
    }
}

从上面的运行结果中可以看到,Sheep类中的前三个成员属性都可以成功的拷贝,但是最后一个friend,它表示羊的朋友(也是Sheep类型,就是引用类型了)。而当我们拷贝完成之后,应该来说都是不一样的新的对象,但是它们中的friend属性的hashCode居然是一样的!!!    这里我们就要来聊一聊深拷贝和浅拷贝了。

浅拷贝:

深拷贝:

4.深拷贝代码案例

package com.szh.prototype.deepclone;
 
import java.io.Serializable;
 
public class DeepCloneableTarget implements Serializable, Cloneable {
 
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private String cloneName;
    private String cloneClass;
 
    public DeepCloneableTarget(String cloneName, String cloneClass) {
        this.cloneName = cloneName;
        this.cloneClass = cloneClass;
    }
 
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "DeepCloneableTarget{" +
                "cloneName='" + cloneName + '\'' +
                ", cloneClass='" + cloneClass + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
 
    //因为该类的属性,都是String , 因此我们这里使用默认的clone完成即可
    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
}
package com.szh.prototype.deepclone;
 
import java.io.*;
 
public class DeepPrototype implements Serializable, Cloneable {
 
    public String name; //String 属性
    public DeepCloneableTarget deepCloneableTarget;// 引用类型
 
    public DeepPrototype() {
        super();
    }
 
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "DeepPrototype{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", deepCloneableTarget=" + deepCloneableTarget +
                '}';
    }
 
    //深拷贝 - 方式 1 使用clone 方法
    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Object deep = null;
        deep = super.clone();
        DeepPrototype deepPrototype = (DeepPrototype) deep;
        deepPrototype.deepCloneableTarget = (DeepCloneableTarget) deepCloneableTarget.clone();
        return deepPrototype;
    }
 
    //深拷贝 - 方式2 通过对象的序列化实现 (推荐)
    public Object deepClone() {
        //创建流对象
        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = null;
        ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
        ByteArrayInputStream bis = null;
        ObjectInputStream ois = null;
 
        try {
            //序列化
            bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);
            oos.writeObject(this);
 
            //反序列化
            bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray());
            ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);
            DeepPrototype copyObj = (DeepPrototype) ois.readObject();
            return copyObj;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        } finally {
            //关闭流
            try {
                ois.close();
                bis.close();
                oos.close();
                bos.close();
            } catch (Exception e2) {
                System.out.println(e2.getMessage());
            }
        }
    }
}
package com.szh.prototype.deepclone;
 
public class MainTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DeepPrototype prototype = new DeepPrototype();
        prototype.name = "张起灵";
        prototype.deepCloneableTarget = new DeepCloneableTarget("小哥","闷油瓶");
 
        //方式1 完成深拷贝
        DeepPrototype prototype2 = (DeepPrototype) prototype.clone();
        System.out.println("方式1 完成深拷贝");
        System.out.println("prototype.name = " + prototype.name + ", prototype.deepCloneableTarget = " + prototype.deepCloneableTarget);
        System.out.println("prototype.deepCloneableTarget.hashCode = " + prototype.deepCloneableTarget.hashCode());
        System.out.println("-------------------------------------------------------");
        System.out.println("prototype2.name = " + prototype2.name + ", prototype2.deepCloneableTarget = " + prototype2.deepCloneableTarget);
        System.out.println("prototype2.deepCloneableTarget.hashCode = " + prototype2.deepCloneableTarget.hashCode());
        System.out.println("==============================================================================");
 
        //方式2 完成深拷贝
        DeepPrototype prototype3 = (DeepPrototype) prototype.deepClone();
        System.out.println("方式2 完成深拷贝");
        System.out.println("prototype.name = " + prototype.name + ", prototype.deepCloneableTarget = " + prototype.deepCloneableTarget);
        System.out.println("prototype.deepCloneableTarget.hashCode = " + prototype.deepCloneableTarget.hashCode());
        System.out.println("-------------------------------------------------------");
        System.out.println("prototype3.name = " + prototype3.name + ", prototype3.deepCloneableTarget = " + prototype3.deepCloneableTarget);
        System.out.println("prototype3.deepCloneableTarget.hashCode = " + prototype3.deepCloneableTarget.hashCode());
    }
}

5.原型模式总结

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