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WPF实现雷达扫描图的绘制详解

时间:2022-11-30 10:58:08 | 栏目:.NET代码 | 点击:

前言

实现一个雷达扫描图。

源代码在TK_King/雷达 (gitee.com),自行下载就好了

制作思路

具体实现

首先我们使用自定义的控件。你可以使用vs自动添加,也可以手动创建类。注意手动创建时要创建Themes/Generic.xaml的文件路径哦。

控件继承自itemscontrol,取名叫做Radar。

我们第一步思考如何实现圆形或者轮,特别是等距的轮。

我们可以使用简单的itemscontrol的WPF控件,通过自定义ItemTemplate就可以简单的创建了。

因为要显示圆,所以使用Ellipse是最简单的事情。

又因为要在同一个区域内,显示同心圆,我们将面板改为Grid,利用叠加的特性去构造同心圆。

既然我们用了itemscontrol 来承载圈轮,直接让这个圈可自定义呢?

所以,我们构造一个集合依赖属性。关于集合依赖属性我们可以参考MSDN官方文档

/// <summary>
        /// 每圈的大小
        /// </summary>
        public FreezableCollection<RadarSize> RadarCircle
        {
            get { return (FreezableCollection<RadarSize>)GetValue(RadarCircleProperty); }
            set { SetValue(RadarCircleProperty, value); }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 每圈的大小
        /// </summary>
        public static readonly DependencyProperty RadarCircleProperty =
            DependencyProperty.Register("RadarCircle", typeof(FreezableCollection<RadarSize>), typeof(Radar), new PropertyMetadata(new PropertyChangedCallback(OnRadarCircelValueChanged)));

对应泛型类可以参考源代码,基本元素就是绑定ellipse的参数

<ItemsControl Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Grid.RowSpan="2" VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center" x:Name="ic"  ItemsSource="{TemplateBinding RadarCircle }">
                            <ItemsControl.ItemsPanel>
                                <ItemsPanelTemplate>
                                    <Grid IsItemsHost="True"/>
                                </ItemsPanelTemplate>
                            </ItemsControl.ItemsPanel>
                            <ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
                                <DataTemplate>
                                    <Ellipse Width="{Binding  Width}" Height="{Binding Height}"  Stroke="{Binding Color}"/>
                                </DataTemplate>
                            </ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
    </ItemsControl>

哇啦,图像就出来了。

同理,我们创建分割线也是同样的过程。

对于分割线的切割算法,我们使用圆上点的坐标可以通过( rcos,rsin)=》(x,y) ,也就是极坐标。

关于此部分代码是放在布局块内ArrangeOverride,也可以放置在OnReader。

下面是局部代码,完整可以参考源代码

var angle = 180.0 / 6;
            circlesize = size.Height > size.Width ? size.Width : size.Height;
            RadarFillWidth = circlesize;
            var midx = circlesize / 2.0;
            var midy = circlesize / 2.0;
            circlesize = circlesize / 2;
            RadarRadius = circlesize;
            //默认为6个
            for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
            {
                var baseangel = angle * i;
                var l1 = new Point(midx + circlesize * Math.Cos(Rad(baseangel)), midy - circlesize * Math.Sin(Rad(baseangel)));
                var half = baseangel + 180;
                var l2 = new Point(midx + circlesize * Math.Cos(Rad(half)), midy - circlesize * Math.Sin(Rad(half)));
                RadarLineSize radarLine = new RadarLineSize();
                radarLine.Start = l1;
                radarLine.End = l2;
                radarLine.Color = RadarLineColor;
                RadarLine.Add(radarLine);
            }
            return size;

依赖属性

/// <summary>
        /// 雷达图的分割线,目前固定为6,可以自行修改
        /// </summary>
        public FreezableCollection<RadarLineSize> RadarLine
        {
            get { return (FreezableCollection<RadarLineSize>)GetValue(RadarLineProperty); }
            set { SetValue(RadarLineProperty, value); }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 雷达图的分割线,目前固定为6,可以自行修改
        /// </summary>
        public static readonly DependencyProperty RadarLineProperty =
            DependencyProperty.Register("RadarLine", typeof(FreezableCollection<RadarLineSize>), typeof(Radar));

xaml代码

<ItemsControl Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Grid.RowSpan="2"  VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center"  x:Name="ic2"   ItemsSource="{TemplateBinding RadarLine }">
                            <ItemsControl.ItemsPanel>
                                <ItemsPanelTemplate>
                                    <Grid IsItemsHost="True"/>
                                </ItemsPanelTemplate>
                            </ItemsControl.ItemsPanel>
                            <ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
                                <DataTemplate>
                                    <Line X1="{Binding Start.X}" Y1="{Binding Start.Y}" X2="{Binding End.X}" Y2="{Binding End.Y}"  Stroke="{Binding Color}"/>
                                </DataTemplate>
                            </ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
                        </ItemsControl>

下一步就是扇形扫描了。

我们使用一个完整的圆,将其内部颜色填充为线性刷就可以得到一个效果不错的扫描了。

/// <summary>
        /// 雷达扫描的颜色
        /// </summary>
        public Brush RadarColor
        {
            get { return (Brush)GetValue(RadarColorProperty); }
            set { SetValue(RadarColorProperty, value); }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 雷达扫描的颜色
        /// </summary>
        public static readonly DependencyProperty RadarColorProperty =
            DependencyProperty.Register("RadarColor", typeof(Brush), typeof(Radar));

为了更好的定义这个圆,我们将radar的template使用grid面板等距分成四个区域(其实没啥用,主要是为了扇形扫描时做圆心选择的line,也可以不分成四个)。

在考虑动画,只需要做圆形360的选择就可以了。为了更好应用,我们创一个paly的依赖属性来播放动画。

/// <summary>
        /// 是否播放动画
        /// </summary>
        public bool Play
        {
            get { return (bool)GetValue(PlayProperty); }
            set { SetValue(PlayProperty, value); }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 是否播放动画
        /// </summary>
        public static readonly DependencyProperty PlayProperty =
            DependencyProperty.Register("Play", typeof(bool), typeof(Radar), new PropertyMetadata(false));

xaml代码( 部分)

<Style.Resources>
            <LinearGradientBrush x:Key="radarcolor" StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1">
                <GradientStop Offset="0" Color="Lime" />
                <GradientStop Offset="0.5" Color="Transparent" />
            </LinearGradientBrush>
        </Style.Resources>
  <Setter Property="Template">
            <Setter.Value>
                <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type local:Radar}">
                    <Grid x:Name="grid"   >
                        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
                            <RowDefinition Height="2*"/>
                            <RowDefinition Height="2*"/>
                        </Grid.RowDefinitions>
                        <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                            <ColumnDefinition Width="2*"/>
                            <ColumnDefinition Width="2*"/>
                        </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                        <ItemsControl Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Grid.RowSpan="2" VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center" x:Name="ic"  ItemsSource="{TemplateBinding RadarCircle }">
                            <ItemsControl.ItemsPanel>
                                <ItemsPanelTemplate>
                                    <Grid IsItemsHost="True"/>
                                </ItemsPanelTemplate>
                            </ItemsControl.ItemsPanel>
                            <ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
                                <DataTemplate>
                                    <Ellipse Width="{Binding  Width}" Height="{Binding Height}"  Stroke="{Binding Color}"/>
                                </DataTemplate>
                            </ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
                        </ItemsControl>
                        <ItemsControl Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Grid.RowSpan="2"  VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center"  x:Name="ic2"   ItemsSource="{TemplateBinding RadarLine }">
                            <ItemsControl.ItemsPanel>
                                <ItemsPanelTemplate>
                                    <Grid IsItemsHost="True"/>
                                </ItemsPanelTemplate>
                            </ItemsControl.ItemsPanel>
                            <ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
                                <DataTemplate>
                                    <Line X1="{Binding Start.X}" Y1="{Binding Start.Y}" X2="{Binding End.X}" Y2="{Binding End.Y}"  Stroke="{Binding Color}"/>
                                </DataTemplate>
                            </ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
                        </ItemsControl>
                        <Ellipse Fill="{TemplateBinding RadarColor}"   Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Grid.RowSpan="2"  x:Name="ep" RenderTransformOrigin="0.5,0.5" Width="{TemplateBinding RadarFillWidth}" Height="{TemplateBinding RadarFillWidth}">
                            <Ellipse.RenderTransform>
                                <RotateTransform x:Name="rtf" />
                            </Ellipse.RenderTransform>
                        </Ellipse>
                    </Grid>
                    <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                        <Trigger Property="Play" Value="True">
                            <Trigger.EnterActions>
                                <BeginStoryboard  x:Name="bs" >
                                    <Storyboard >
                                        <DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="rtf" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Angle"   From="0" To="360" Duration="0:0:2" RepeatBehavior="Forever"/>
                                    </Storyboard>
                                </BeginStoryboard>
                            </Trigger.EnterActions>
                        </Trigger>
                        <Trigger Property="Play" Value="False">
                            <Trigger.EnterActions>
                                <RemoveStoryboard BeginStoryboardName="bs"/>
                            </Trigger.EnterActions>
                        </Trigger>
                    </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                </ControlTemplate>
            </Setter.Value>

效果

那么剩下就是扫描点的操作。

因为我们的控件是继承ItemsControl,我们到现在还没有利用ItemsSource这个属性。

所以我们要制作一个子控件来呈现扫描点。

由于子控件较为简单,只不过是一个圆而已。我们就让子控件继承Control就好了。

一切从简,我们不弄布局这一套了,直接在父控件中使用Canvas面板,子控件增加属性Left,Top这两个依赖属性。

重点说一下,子控件中存在一个linscar的方法,是为了将点如果在雷达外侧时,按照同角度缩放到最外层的方法。就是通过半径重新计算一边极坐标。

/// <summary>
        /// 线性缩放
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="size">半径</param>
        internal void LineScar(double size)
        {
            var midpoint = new Vector(size, size);
            var vp = new Vector(Left, Top);
            var sub = vp - midpoint;
            var angle = Vector.AngleBetween(sub, new Vector(size, 1));
            angle = angle > 0 ? angle : angle + 360;
            //距离大于半径,根据半径重新绘制
            if (sub.Length >= size)
            {
                Top = size - size * Math.Sin(Rad(angle)) - Width / 2;
                Left = size + size * Math.Cos(Rad(angle)) - Width / 2;
            }
        }

那么在父项中如何摆放呢?

我们刚才说父项使用canvas绘图,所以我们在radar中修改itempanel的面板属性,下面代码存在于父项xaml

<Setter Property="ItemsPanel">
            <Setter.Value>
                <ItemsPanelTemplate>
                    <Canvas IsItemsHost="True"/>
                </ItemsPanelTemplate>
            </Setter.Value>
        </Setter>

子项代码如下,比较少就贴了

xaml代码

<Style TargetType="local:RadarItem">
        <Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Top" />
        <Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment" Value="Left" />
        <Setter Property="Padding" Value="0" />
        <Setter Property="Margin" Value="0" />
        <Setter Property="Canvas.Top" Value="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=Self},Path=Top}" />
        <Setter Property="Canvas.Left" Value="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=Self},Path=Left}" />
        <Setter Property="Template">
            <Setter.Value>
                <ControlTemplate TargetType="local:RadarItem">
                    <Border  >
                        <Ellipse Width="{TemplateBinding Width}" Height="{TemplateBinding Height}" Fill="{TemplateBinding Color}" />
                    </Border>
                </ControlTemplate>
            </Setter.Value>
        </Setter>
    </Style>

radarItem

/// <summary>
    /// 雷达子项 
    /// </summary>
    public class RadarItem : Control
    {

        static RadarItem()
        {
            DefaultStyleKeyProperty.OverrideMetadata(typeof(RadarItem), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(typeof(RadarItem)));
        }
        public RadarItem()
        {

        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 转弧度
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="val">角度</param>
        /// <returns>弧度制</returns>
        double Rad(double val)
        {
            return val * Math.PI / 180;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 线性缩放
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="size">半径</param>
        internal void LineScar(double size)
        {
            var midpoint = new Vector(size, size);
            var vp = new Vector(Left, Top);
            var sub = vp - midpoint;
            var angle = Vector.AngleBetween(sub, new Vector(size, 1));
            angle = angle > 0 ? angle : angle + 360;
            //距离大于半径,根据半径重新绘制
            if (sub.Length >= size)
            {
                Top = size - size * Math.Sin(Rad(angle)) - Width / 2;
                Left = size + size * Math.Cos(Rad(angle)) - Width / 2;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 顶部距离,用canvas.top绘制
        /// </summary>
        public double Top
        {
            get { return (double)GetValue(TopProperty); }
            set { SetValue(TopProperty, value); }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 顶部距离,用canvas.top绘制
        /// </summary>
        public static readonly DependencyProperty TopProperty =
            DependencyProperty.Register("Top", typeof(double), typeof(RadarItem), new PropertyMetadata(0.0));


        /// <summary>
        /// 左侧距离,用于canvas.left绘制
        /// </summary>
        public double Left
        {
            get { return (double)GetValue(LeftProperty); }
            set { SetValue(LeftProperty, value); }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 左侧距离,用于canvas.left绘制
        /// </summary>
        public static readonly DependencyProperty LeftProperty =
            DependencyProperty.Register("Left", typeof(double), typeof(RadarItem), new PropertyMetadata(0.0));


        /// <summary>
        /// 填充颜色
        /// </summary>
        public Brush Color
        {
            get { return (Brush)GetValue(ColorProperty); }
            set { SetValue(ColorProperty, value); }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 填充颜色
        /// </summary>
        public static readonly DependencyProperty ColorProperty =
            DependencyProperty.Register("Color", typeof(Brush), typeof(RadarItem), new PropertyMetadata(new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Red)));
    }

于是乎我们就得到了一个雷达扫描图

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