国产化中的 .NET Core 操作达梦数据库DM8的两种方式(操作详解)
时间：2022-11-22 10:56:31 | 栏目：.NET代码 | 点击：次
背景
某个项目需要实现基础软件全部国产化，其中操作系统指定银河麒麟，数据库使用达梦V8，CPU平台的范围包括x64、龙芯、飞腾、鲲鹏等。考虑到这些基础产品对.NET的支持，最终选择了.NET Core 3.1。
环境
- CPU平台：x86-64 / Arm64
- 操作系统：银河麒麟 v4
- 数据库：DM8
- .NET：.NET Core 3.1
SDK
达梦自己提供了.NET操作其数据库的SDK，可以通过NuGet安装，也可以通过安装达梦数据库获取。因为NuGet上的版本不知道是谁提供的，所以这里以安装数据库获取相关SDK为例。
在官网下载DM8的数据库安装文件：https://www.dameng.com/list_103.html
下载前需要先登录，随便注册一个帐号就好了。
这里需要选择CPU和操作系统，按照你的开发环境选择即可，下载后按照提示安装。
这里以Windows10为例，安装后SDK文件的位置在：C:\dmdbms\drivers\dotNet
这里边有EF的SDK，也有NHibernate的SDK，不过这篇文章只使用最基础的基于ADO.NET的SDK。
这些SDK在文件夹DmProvider下边，这里还提供了一个Nuget包，可以放到自己的Nuget仓库中，方便内部安装。
可以看到，这个SDK可以支持.NET Core2.0以上的所有.NET版本。
操作数据库
这里提供两种方式：传统的DbHelperSQL方式 和 Dapper 方式。
DbHelperSQL方式
这种方式早年用的比较多，现在还有很多项目在使用，通过定义一组工具方法包装对数据库的各种增删改查操作。下面给出代码：
public class DmDbClient
{
private string connectionString = string.Empty;
/// <summary>
/// 初始化DMClient的一个新实例
/// </summary>
/// <param name="str"></param>
public DmDbClient(string str)
{
connectionString = str;
}
#region 通用快捷方法
/// 执行一条SQL语句，确定记录是否存在
/// <param name="sql">SQL查询语句</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool Exists(string sql)
object obj = GetSingle(sql);
int cmdresult;
if (Equals(obj, null) || Equals(obj, DBNull.Value))
{
cmdresult = 0;
}
else
cmdresult = int.Parse(obj.ToString());
return cmdresult > 0;
public async Task<bool> ExistsAsync(string sql)
object obj = await GetSingleAsync(sql);
/// <param name="paras">SQL参数数组</param>
public bool Exists(string sql, params DmParameter[] paras)
object obj = GetSingle(sql, paras);
if ((object.Equals(obj, null)) || (object.Equals(obj, DBNull.Value)))
public async Task<bool> ExistsAsync(string sql, params DmParameter[] paras)
object obj = await GetSingleAsync(sql, paras);
/// 获取记录条数
/// <param name="tableName">表名</param>
/// <param name="sqlCondition">查询条件</param>
public int GetCount(string tableName, string sqlCondition)
string sql = "select count(1) from `" + tableName + "`";
if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(sqlCondition))
sql += " where " + sqlCondition;
object result = GetSingle(sql);
if (result != null)
return Convert.ToInt32(result);
return 0;
public async Task<int> GetCountAsync(string tableName, string sqlCondition)
object result = await GetSingleAsync(sql);
public int GetCount(string tableName, string sqlCondition, DmParameter[] paras)
object result = GetSingle(sql, paras);
public async Task<int> GetCountAsync(string tableName, string sqlCondition, DmParameter[] paras)
object result = await GetSingleAsync(sql, paras);
#endregion 通用快捷方法
#region 执行简单SQL语句
/// 执行SQL语句，返回影响的记录数
/// <param name="sql">SQL语句</param>
/// <returns>影响的记录数</returns>
public int ExecuteSql(string sql)
using (DmConnection connection = new DmConnection(connectionString))
using (DmCommand cmd = new DmCommand(sql, connection))
{
connection.Open();
int rows = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
return rows;
}
public async Task<int> ExecuteSqlAsync(string sql)
await connection.OpenAsync();
int rows = await cmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
/// 执行SQL语句，返回影响的记录数（可自定义超时时间）
/// <param name="timeout">执行超时时间</param>
public int ExecuteSqlByTime(string sql, int timeout)
using (DmConnection connection = new DmConnection(this.connectionString))
cmd.CommandTimeout = timeout;
public async Task<int> ExecuteSqlByTimeAsync(string sql, int timeout)
/// 执行多条SQL语句，实现数据库事务。
/// <param name="sqlList">多条SQL语句</param>
public void ExecuteSqlTrans(ArrayList sqlList)
using (DmConnection conn = new DmConnection(connectionString))
conn.Open();
using (DbTransaction trans = conn.BeginTransaction())
using (DmCommand cmd = new DmCommand())
{
cmd.Connection = conn;
cmd.Transaction = trans;
try
{
for (int n = 0; n < sqlList.Count; n++)
{
string sql = sqlList[n].ToString();
if (sql.Trim().Length > 1)
{
cmd.CommandText = sql;
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
}
trans.Commit();
}
catch (DmException ex)
trans.Rollback();
throw ex;
}
public async Task ExecuteSqlTransAsync(ArrayList sqlList)
await conn.OpenAsync();
using (DbTransaction trans = await conn.BeginTransactionAsync())
await cmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
/// 执行一条SQL查询语句，返回查询结果。
/// <returns>查询结果</returns>
public object GetSingle(string sql)
object obj = cmd.ExecuteScalar();
if ((object.Equals(obj, null)) || (object.Equals(obj, DBNull.Value)))
return null;
else
return obj;
public async Task<object> GetSingleAsync(string sql)
object obj = await cmd.ExecuteScalarAsync();
/// 执行查询语句，返回DbDataReader（切记要手工关闭DbDataReader）
/// <param name="sql">查询语句</param>
/// <returns>DmDataReader</returns>
public DbDataReader ExecuteReader(string sql)
DmConnection connection = new DmConnection(connectionString);
DmCommand cmd = new DmCommand(sql, connection);
connection.Open();
return cmd.ExecuteReader();
public async Task<DbDataReader> ExecuteReaderAsync(string sql)
await connection.OpenAsync();
return await cmd.ExecuteReaderAsync();
/// 执行查询语句，返回DataSet
/// <returns>DataSet</returns>
public DataSet Query(string sql)
using (DmDataAdapter command = new DmDataAdapter(sql, connection))
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
command.Fill(ds, "ds");
return ds;
/// 执行查询语句，返回DataSet（可自定义超时时间）
/// <param name="sql"></param>
/// <param name="timeout"></param>
public DataSet Query(string sql, int timeout)
command.SelectCommand.CommandTimeout = timeout;
#endregion 执行简单SQL语句
#region 执行带参数的SQL语句
public int ExecuteSql(string sql, params DmParameter[] paras)
using (DmCommand cmd = new DmCommand())
PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, null, sql, paras);
cmd.Parameters.Clear();
public async Task<int> ExecuteSqlAsync(string sql, params DmParameter[] paras)
await PrepareCommandAsync(cmd, connection, null, sql, paras);
/// 执行添加SQL语句，返回记录的ID（自动产生的自增主键）
/// <param name="parms">SQL参数</param>
/// <returns>记录的ID</returns>
public int ExecuteAdd(string sql, params DmParameter[] parms)
sql = sql + ";Select @@IDENTITY";
PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, null, sql, parms);
int recordID = Int32.Parse(cmd.ExecuteScalar().ToString());
return recordID;
public async Task<int> ExecuteAddAsync(string sql, params DmParameter[] parms)
sql = sql + ";select @@identity as newautoid";
await PrepareCommandAsync(cmd, connection, null, sql, parms);
int recordID;
try
recordID = int.Parse((await cmd.ExecuteScalarAsync()).ToString());
catch
recordID = -1;
/// <param name="sqlList">SQL语句的哈希表（key为sql语句，value是该语句的DmParameter[]）</param>
public void ExecuteSqlTrans(Hashtable sqlList)
foreach (DictionaryEntry entry in sqlList)
var sql = entry.Key.ToString();
var paras = (DmParameter[])entry.Value;
PrepareCommand(cmd, conn, trans, sql, paras);
int val = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.Parameters.Clear();
public async Task ExecuteSqlTransAsync(Hashtable sqlList)
await PrepareCommandAsync(cmd, conn, trans, sql, paras);
int val = await cmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
/// 执行一条计算查询结果语句，返回查询结果。
public object GetSingle(string sql, params DmParameter[] parms)
PrepareCommand(cmd, conn, null, sql, parms);
public async Task<object> GetSingleAsync(string sql, params DmParameter[] parms)
await PrepareCommandAsync(cmd, conn, null, sql, parms);
/// 执行查询语句，返回DmDataReader (切记要手工关闭DmDataReader)
public DbDataReader ExecuteReader(string sql, params DmParameter[] parms)
DmCommand cmd = new DmCommand();
PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, null, sql, parms);
DbDataReader myReader = cmd.ExecuteReader();
cmd.Parameters.Clear();
return myReader;
public async Task<DbDataReader> ExecuteReaderAsync(string sql, params DmParameter[] parms)
await PrepareCommandAsync(cmd, connection, null, sql, parms);
var myReader = await cmd.ExecuteReaderAsync();
/// <param name="paras">参数数组</param>
public DataSet Query(string sql, params DmParameter[] paras)
using (DmDataAdapter da = new DmDataAdapter(cmd))
da.Fill(ds, "ds");
cmd.Parameters.Clear();
return ds;
/// 准备SQL查询命令
/// <param name="cmd">SQL命令对象</param>
/// <param name="conn">SQL连接对象</param>
/// <param name="trans">SQL事务对象</param>
/// <param name="cmdText">SQL语句</param>
private void PrepareCommand(DmCommand cmd, DmConnection conn, DbTransaction trans, string cmdText, DmParameter[] paras)
if (conn.State != ConnectionState.Open)
cmd.Connection = conn;
cmd.CommandText = cmdText;
if (trans != null)
cmd.Transaction = trans;
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
if (paras != null)
foreach (DmParameter parameter in paras)
if ((parameter.Direction == ParameterDirection.InputOutput || parameter.Direction == ParameterDirection.Input) &&
(parameter.Value == null))
parameter.Value = DBNull.Value;
cmd.Parameters.Add(parameter);
private async Task PrepareCommandAsync(DmCommand cmd, DmConnection conn, DbTransaction trans, string cmdText, DmParameter[] paras)
#endregion 执行带参数的SQL语句
}
使用方法也很简单，传入SQL语句和参数即可。这里给出几个增删改查的例子：
public class PersonAdoNetDAL : IPersonDAL
{
static readonly DmDbClient _client = new DmDbClient("Server=127.0.0.1; UserId=TESTDB; PWD=1234567");
public int Add(PersonModel model)
{
string sql = "insert into Person(Name,City) Values(:Name,:City)";
DmParameter[] paras = new DmParameter[] {
new DmParameter(":Name",model.Name),
new DmParameter(":City",model.City)
};
return _client.ExecuteAdd(sql, paras);
}
public bool Update(PersonModel model)
string sql = "update Person set City=:City where Id=:Id";
new DmParameter(":Id",model.Id),
return _client.ExecuteSql(sql, paras) > 0 ? true : false;
public bool Delete(int id)
string sql = "delete from Person where Id=:Id";
new DmParameter(":Id",id),
public PersonModel Get(int id)
string sql = "select Id,Name,City from Person where Id=:Id";
PersonModel model = null;
using (var reader = (DmDataReader)_client.ExecuteReader(sql, paras))
{
while (reader.Read())
{
model = new PersonModel();
model.Id = reader.GetInt32(0);
model.Name = reader.GetString(1);
model.City = reader.GetString(2);
}
}
return model;
public List<PersonModel> GetList()
var list = new List<PersonModel>();
using (var reader = (DmDataReader)_client.ExecuteReader("select Id,Name,City from Person"))
var model = new PersonModel();
list.Add(model);
return list;
}
需要注意达梦数据库的参数是用冒号作为前缀的。另外数据表和字段的名字建议全部使用大写字母，单词之间使用下划线分隔，也就是蛇形命名法。此时SQL语句就不用关心大小写了，怎么写都行。
Dapper方式
Dapper是一个轻量级的ORM框架，现在使用的也很广泛，可以简化代码编写。因为Dapper扩展的IDbConnection，这是ADO.NET中的东西，我们使用的DmProvider也是实现了ADO.NET相关接口，所以Dapper可以通过DmProvider操作达梦数据库。
首先定义一个获取数据库连接对象的工厂类：
public class DmConnectionFactory
{
static string sqlConnString = "Server=127.0.0.1; UserId=TESTDB; PWD=123456";
public static IDbConnection GetConn()
{
return new DmConnection(sqlConnString);
}
}
然后就可以使用它执行SQL语句了：
public class PersonDapperDAL : IPersonDAL
{
public PersonDapperDAL()
{
}
public PersonModel Get(int id)
{
string sql = "select Id,Name,City from Person where Id=:Id";
return DmConnectionFactory.GetConn().QueryFirstOrDefault<PersonModel>(sql, new { Id = id });
}
public List<PersonModel> GetList()
{
string sql = "select Id,Name,City from Person";
return DmConnectionFactory.GetConn().Query<PersonModel>(sql).ToList();
}
public int Add(PersonModel model)
{
string sql = "insert into Person(Name,City) Values(:Name,:City);Select @@IDENTITY";
return DmConnectionFactory.GetConn().QuerySingle<int>(sql, model);
}
public bool Update(PersonModel model)
{
string sql = "update Person set City=:City where Id=:Id";
int result = DmConnectionFactory.GetConn().Execute(sql, model);
return result > 0;
}
public bool Delete(int id)
{
string sql = "delete from Person where Id=:Id";
int result = DmConnectionFactory.GetConn().Execute(sql, new { Id = id });
return result > 0;
}
}
Query、Execute这些方法都是Dapper定义的，可以看到能够少写很多代码。这里也不用打开连接、关闭连接，也不用写using，因为Dapper的这些方法中已经做了相关处理。