时间:2022-10-16 11:24:13 | 栏目:JAVA代码 | 点击:次
在配置文件中定义属性的值,然后再获取,在这里做一个总结,首先,在application.yml文件中定义端口和属性的值,当然,在.application.properties文件中也能定义,只是格式不同而已:
appliaction.yml:
server: port: 8081 cubSize: B age: 18
然后再定义一个controller,用@Value这个注解来获取到值:
package com.dist.tr.controller; import com.dist.tr.entity.GrilProperties; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController @RequestMapping public class BeautifulGirlContrller { @Value("${cubSize}") private String cubSize; @Value("${age}") private Integer age; @RequestMapping(value = "/gril",method = RequestMethod.GET) public String HelloGril(){ return cubSize + age; } }
运行结果:
如果当属性很多之后,要写很多的@Value 的注解嘛???答案当然是No,有简便的写法:
application.yml 文件
server: port: 8081 gril: name: lisa height: 165
GrilProperties实体:
注意我们用到了这个注解:@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = “gril”)
package com.dist.tr.entity; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "gril") public class GrilProperties { private String name; private String height; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getHeight() { return height; } public void setHeight(String height) { this.height = height; } }
在controller 中的写法:
首先用注解@Autowired 注入这个实体,如果不在实体中加@Component这个注解,在idea中发现会有红线出现。
package com.dist.tr.controller; import com.dist.tr.entity.GrilProperties; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController @RequestMapping public class BeautifulGirlContrller { @Autowired private GrilProperties grilProperties; @RequestMapping("/grilPerproties") public String grilPerproties(){ return grilProperties.getName()+grilProperties.getHeight(); } }
运行结果:
这样就不会需要去写太多的@Value注解了。
还有中形式,就是在配置文件中也可以有这种情况出现:
server: port: 8081 cubSize: B age: 18 context: "cubSize:${cubSize},age:${age}"
这种情况证明获取的属性值呢?
在controller中编码:
package com.dist.tr.controller; import com.dist.tr.entity.GrilProperties; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController @RequestMapping public class BeautifulGirlContrller { @Value("${context}") private String context; @RequestMapping("/grilSize") public String girlcubSize(){ return context ; } }
运行结果:
当在项目开发的时候,如果区分测试和生产环境,那么就得区分开application.yml 文件:
新建application-dev.yml 文件和application-prod.yml文件:
然后在使用测试或者是生产的时候,application.yml 文件中这样写:
spring: profiles: active: prod
决定是用测试环境还是生产环境。
@ConfigurationProperties、@Value、@PropertySource、@ImportResource和@Bean
(1)定义两个实体类,其中student实体类的属性包括Course类:
@Data @Component @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "student")//告诉springboot将本类中的所有属性和配置文件的相关配置进行绑定 public class Student { //prefix:配置文件中哪一个名称下面的属性进行一一映射 private String sname; private int age; private Map<String,Object> maps; private List<Object> list; private Course course; } @Data public class Course { private String courseno; private String coursename; }
(2)创建yaml配置文件:
student: sname: zhai age: 12 maps: {k1: 12,k2: 13} list: - zhai - zhang course: courseno: 202007 coursename: javaweb
(3)创建properties文件:
#配置student student.age=12 student.sname=zhai student.maps.k1=1 student.maps.k2=2 student.list=a,b,c student.course.courseno=202007 student.course.coursename=java
(4)测试类:
//可以在测试期间很方便地类似编码一样进行自动注入等容器的功能 @SpringBootTestclass Springboot03ApplicationTests { @Autowired Student student; @Test void contextLoads() { System.out.println(student); } }
(5)需要导入的依赖:配置文件处理器,配置文件进行绑定会有提示
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId> <version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version> </dependency>
(1)书写配置文件
#配置student student.sname=zhai student.age=12 student.maps.k1=1 student.maps.k2=2 student.list=a,b,c student.course.courseno=202007 student.course.coursename=java
(2)获取值:
@Data @Component public class Student { @Value("${student.sname}") private String sname; @Value("#{2*9}") private int age; private Map<String,Object> maps; private List<Object> list; private Course course; }
(3)@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "")方式与@Value方式的比较
yml中写的last-name,这个和lastName是一样的,后面跟着的字母默认是大写的。这就是松散绑定
@Value方式支持JSR303校验
@Data @Component @Validated public class Student { @NonNull private String sname; private int age; private Map<String,Object> maps; private List<Object> list; private Course course; }
@Value方式支持SpEl
如果我们只是在某一个业务逻辑中需要获取配置文件的某一项值,可以使用@Value,如果是一个javaBean来和配置文件进行映射,则要使用@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "")方式
@RestController public class HelloController { @Value("${student.sname}") private String sname; @RequestMapping("/hello") public String hello(){ return "hello"+sname; } }
配置文件:
#配置student student.sname=zhai student.age=12 student.maps.k1=1 student.maps.k2=2 student.list=a,b,c student.course.courseno=202007 student.course.coursename=java
(1)配置文件(student.properties)
#配置student student.sname=zhai student.age=12 student.maps.k1=1 student.maps.k2=2 student.list=a,b,c student.course.courseno=202007 student.course.coursename=java
(2)实体类获取值
@Data @Component @PropertySource(value = {"classpath:student.properties"}) public class Student { private String sname; private int age; private Map<String,Object> maps; private List<Object> list; private Course course; }
@PropertySource是从指定路径下获取数据,默认是从application.properties下获取数据
(1)指定spring的配置文件
@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages = "com") @ImportResource(locations = {"classpath:beans.xml"}) public class Springboot02Application { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Springboot02Application.class, args); } }
(2)书写spring的配置文件:beans.xml
(3)书写如下配置,可以省略配置文件的书写,用注解来代替
@Configuration public class MyAppConfig { @Bean public HelloService helloService(){ return new HellService(); } }
@Configuration说明这是一个配置类,就是在替代之前的配置文件
@Bean标记在方法上,该方式将方法的返回值添加到容器中,容器中组件的ID默认是方法名
总结:
(1)@ConfigurationProperties与@Value