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基于HTML+CSS+JS实现纸牌记忆游戏

时间：2022-10-11 12:10:42 | 栏目：JavaScript代码 | 点击：次

这节实验我们将使用 HTML、CSS 和 JavaScript 制作纸牌记忆游戏。

让我们开始吧！

在线演示戳这里

知识点

animation-duration 属性

backface-visibility 属性

visibility 属性

animation-timing-function 属性

HTML 用户界面

HTML 代码用于设计项目的基本结构，其中包含了一个 h1 标题，分数、星级和游戏时间面板，纸牌卡片列表以及获胜时的恭喜面板。

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>实验十七 纸牌记忆游戏</title>
    <meta name="description" content="">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" rel="external nofollow" >
    <!-- 导入bootstrap以及字体图标等样式 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet prefetch" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.6.1/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="external nofollow" >
</head>
<body>

    <div class="container">
        <header>
            <h1>纸牌记忆游戏</h1>
        </header>
        <section class="score-panel">
          <ul class="stars">
            <li><i class="fa fa-star"></i></li>
            <li><i class="fa fa-star"></i></li>
            <li><i class="fa fa-star"></i></li>
          </ul>
          <span class="moves">0</span>
          <div class="timer"></div>
          <div class="restart" onclick="startGame()">
          <i class="fa fa-repeat"></i>
          </div>
        </section>
        <ul class="deck" id="card-deck">
            <li class="card" type="diamond"><i class="fa fa-diamond"></i></li>
            <li class="card" type="plane"><i class="fa fa-paper-plane-o"></i></li>
            <li class="card match" type="anchor"><i class="fa fa-anchor"></i> </li>
            <li class="card" type="bolt" ><i class="fa fa-bolt"></i></li>
            <li class="card" type="cube"><i class="fa fa-cube"></i></li>
            <li class="card match" type="anchor"><i class="fa fa-anchor"></i></li>
            <li class="card" type="leaf"><i class="fa fa-leaf"></i></li>
            <li class="card" type="bicycle"><i class="fa fa-bicycle"></i></li>
            <li class="card" type="diamond"><i class="fa fa-diamond"></i></li>
            <li class="card" type="bomb"><i class="fa fa-bomb"></i></li>
            <li class="card" type="leaf"><i class="fa fa-leaf"></i></li>
            <li class="card" type="bomb"><i class="fa fa-bomb"></i></li>
            <li class="card open show" type="bolt"><i class="fa fa-bolt"></i></li>
            <li class="card" type="bicycle"><i class="fa fa-bicycle"></i></li>
            <li class="card" type="plane"><i class="fa fa-paper-plane-o"></i></li>
            <li class="card" type="cube"><i class="fa fa-cube"></i></li>
        </ul>
        <div id="popup1" class="overlay">
            <div class="popup">
                <h2>恭喜 ?</h2>
                <a class="close" href="#" rel="external nofollow" >×</a>
                <div class="content-1">
                恭喜你获得了胜利 ??
                </div>
                <div class="content-2">
                  <p>你在<span id="totalTime"> </span>内 </p>
                  <p>移动了<span id="finalMove"> </span> 次 </p>                 
                  <p>星级: <span id="starRating"></span></p>
                </div>
                <button id="play-again"onclick="playAgain()">
                    再玩一次 ?</a>
                </button>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <script src="script.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

CSS 部分

现在我们使用一些 CSS 属性来设置记忆纸牌游戏的样式。

一些基本样式

html {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: inherit;
}

html,
body {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  font-weight:bolder;
}

body {
  background: #ffffff;
  font-size: 16px;
}

.container {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  flex-direction: column;
}

h1 {
  font-family: 'Gloria Hallelujah', cursive;
}

纸牌的样式

.deck {
  width: 85%;
  background: #716F71;
  padding: 1rem;
  border-radius: 4px;
  box-shadow: 8px 9px 26px 0 rgba(46, 61, 73, 0.5);
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: space-around;
  align-items: center;
  margin: 0 0 3em;
}

.deck .card {
  height: 3.7rem;
  width: 3.7rem;
  margin: 0.2rem 0.2rem;
  background: #141214;;
  font-size: 0;
  color: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 5px;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  box-shadow: 5px 2px 20px 0 rgba(46, 61, 73, 0.5);
}

.deck .card.open {
  transform: rotateY(0);
  background: #02b3e4;
  cursor: default;
  animation-name: flipInY;
  -webkit-backface-visibility: visible;
  backface-visibility: visible;
  animation-duration: .75s;
}

.deck .card.show {
  font-size: 33px;
}

.deck .card.match {
  cursor: default;
  background: #E5F720;
  font-size: 33px;
  animation-name: rubberBand;
  -webkit-backface-visibility: visible;
  backface-visibility: visible;
  animation-duration: .75s;
}

.deck .card.unmatched {
  animation-name: pulse;
  -webkit-backface-visibility: visible;
  backface-visibility: visible;
  animation-duration: .75s;
  background: #e2043b;
}

.deck .card.disabled {
  pointer-events: none;
  opacity: 0.9;
}

分数面板的样式

.score-panel {
  text-align: left;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.score-panel .stars {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: inline-block;
  margin: 0 5px 0 0;
}

.score-panel .stars li {
  list-style: none;
  display: inline-block;
}

.score-panel .restart {
  float: right;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.fa-star {
  color: #FFD700;
}

.timer {
  display: inline-block;
  margin: 0 1rem;

}

祝贺面板的样式

.overlay {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);
  transition: opacity 500ms;
  visibility: hidden;
  opacity: 0;
}

.overlay:target {
  visibility: visible;
  opacity: 1;
}
  
.popup {
  margin: 70px auto;
  padding: 20px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 5px;
  width: 85%;
  position: relative;
  transition: all 5s ease-in-out;
}
  
.popup h2 {
  margin-top: 0;
  color: #333;
  font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;
}

.popup .close {
  position: absolute;
  top: 20px;
  right: 30px;
  transition: all 200ms;
  font-size: 30px;
  font-weight: bold;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #333;
}

.popup .close:hover {
  color: #E5F720;
}

.popup .content-1,
.content-2 {
  max-height: 30%;
  overflow: auto;
  text-align: center;
}

.show {
  visibility: visible;
  opacity: 100;
}

#starRating li {
  display: inline-block;
}

#play-again {
  background-color: #141214;
  padding: 0.7rem 1rem;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  display: block;
  margin: 0 auto;
  width: 50%;
  font-family: 'Gloria Hallelujah', cursive;
  color: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 5px;
}

动画

/* 卡片打开时的动画 */
@keyframes flipInY {
  from {
    transform: perspective(400px) rotate3d(0, 1, 0, 90deg);
    animation-timing-function: ease-in;
    opacity: 0;
  }

  40% {
    transform: perspective(400px) rotate3d(0, 1, 0, -20deg);
    animation-timing-function: ease-in;
  }

  60% {
    transform: perspective(400px) rotate3d(0, 1, 0, 10deg);
    opacity: 1;
  }

  80% {
    transform: perspective(400px) rotate3d(0, 1, 0, -5deg);
  }

  to {
    transform: perspective(400px);
  }
}


/* 卡片匹配时的动画 */
@keyframes rubberBand {
  from {
    transform: scale3d(1, 1, 1);
  }

  30% {
    transform: scale3d(1.25, 0.75, 1);
  }

  40% {
    transform: scale3d(0.75, 1.25, 1);
  }

  50% {
    transform: scale3d(1.15, 0.85, 1);
  }

  65% {
    transform: scale3d(.95, 1.05, 1);
  }

  75% {
    transform: scale3d(1.05, .95, 1);
  }

  to {
    transform: scale3d(1, 1, 1);
  }
}


/* 卡片不匹配时的动画 */
@keyframes pulse {
  from {
    transform: scale3d(1, 1, 1);
  }

  50% {
    transform: scale3d(1.2, 1.2, 1.2);
  }

  to {
    transform: scale3d(1, 1, 1);
  }
}

媒体查询

/* 适用于 320px 以下的样式*/
@media (max-width: 320px) {
  .deck {
    width: 85%;
  }

  .deck .card {
    height: 4.7rem;
    width: 4.7rem;
  }
}

/* 适用于 768px 以上的样式*/
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .container {
    font-size: 22px;
  }

  .deck {
    width: 660px;
    height: 680px;
  }

  .deck .card {
    height: 125px;
    width: 125px;
  }

  .popup {
    width: 60%;
  }
}

JavaScript 部分

接下来让我们添加 Javascript

首先声明一些我们需要用到的变量：

// 卡片数组包含所有卡片
let card = document.getElementsByClassName("card");
let cards = [...card];

// 游戏中所有卡片
const deck = document.getElementById("card-deck");

// 声明 moves 变量
let moves = 0;
let counter = document.querySelector(".moves");

// 声明星形图标的变量
const stars = document.querySelectorAll(".fa-star");

// 声明 matchedCard 的变量
let matchedCard = document.getElementsByClassName("match");

// 星级列表
let starsList = document.querySelectorAll(".stars li");

// 模板中的关闭图标
let closeicon = document.querySelector(".close");

// 声明 modal
let modal = document.getElementById("popup1")

// 打开卡片的数组
var openedCards = [];

洗牌功能

function shuffle(array) {
    var currentIndex = array.length, temporaryValue, randomIndex;

    while (currentIndex !== 0) {
        randomIndex = Math.floor(Math.random() * currentIndex);
        currentIndex -= 1;
        temporaryValue = array[currentIndex];
        array[currentIndex] = array[randomIndex];
        array[randomIndex] = temporaryValue;
    }

    return array;
};

开始新游戏的功能

// 页面刷新/加载时洗牌
document.body.onload = startGame();

// 开始新游戏的功能
function startGame(){
 
    // 清空 openCards 数组
    openedCards = [];

    // 洗牌
    cards = shuffle(cards);
    // 从每张卡片中删除所有现有的类
    for (var i = 0; i < cards.length; i++){
        deck.innerHTML = "";
        [].forEach.call(cards, function(item) {
            deck.appendChild(item);
        });
        cards[i].classList.remove("show", "open", "match", "disabled");
    }
    // 重置 moves
    moves = 0;
    counter.innerHTML = moves;
    // 重置 rating
    for (var i= 0; i < stars.length; i++){
        stars[i].style.color = "#FFD700";
        stars[i].style.visibility = "visible";
    }
    // 重置 timer
    second = 0;
    minute = 0; 
    hour = 0;
    var timer = document.querySelector(".timer");
    timer.innerHTML = "0 分 0 秒";
    clearInterval(interval);
}

显示卡片的功能

var displayCard = function (){
    this.classList.toggle("open");
    this.classList.toggle("show");
    this.classList.toggle("disabled");
};

将打开的卡片添加到 OpenedCards 列表并检查卡片是否匹配

function cardOpen() {
    openedCards.push(this);
    var len = openedCards.length;
    if(len === 2){
        moveCounter();
        if(openedCards[0].type === openedCards[1].type){
            matched();
        } else {
            unmatched();
        }
    }
};

当卡片匹配时的功能

function matched(){
    openedCards[0].classList.add("match", "disabled");
    openedCards[1].classList.add("match", "disabled");
    openedCards[0].classList.remove("show", "open", "no-event");
    openedCards[1].classList.remove("show", "open", "no-event");
    openedCards = [];
}

当卡片不匹配时的功能

function unmatched(){
    openedCards[0].classList.add("unmatched");
    openedCards[1].classList.add("unmatched");
    disable();
    setTimeout(function(){
        openedCards[0].classList.remove("show", "open", "no-event","unmatched");
        openedCards[1].classList.remove("show", "open", "no-event","unmatched");
        enable();
        openedCards = [];
    },1100);
}

暂时禁用卡片的功能

function disable(){
    Array.prototype.filter.call(cards, function(card){
        card.classList.add('disabled');
    });
}

启用卡片并禁用匹配的卡片的功能

function enable(){
    Array.prototype.filter.call(cards, function(card){
        card.classList.remove('disabled');
        for(var i = 0; i < matchedCard.length; i++){
            matchedCard[i].classList.add("disabled");
        }
    });
}

计算玩家的动作的功能

function moveCounter(){
    moves++;
    counter.innerHTML = moves;
    // 第一次点击时启动计时器
    if(moves == 1){
        second = 0;
        minute = 0; 
        hour = 0;
        startTimer();
    }
    // 根据移动次数设置星级
    if (moves > 8 && moves < 12){
        for( i= 0; i < 3; i++){
            if(i > 1){
                stars[i].style.visibility = "collapse";
            }
        }
    }
    else if (moves > 13){
        for( i= 0; i < 3; i++){
            if(i > 0){
                stars[i].style.visibility = "collapse";
            }
        }
    }
}

显示游戏的时间

//初始化变量
var second = 0, minute = 0; hour = 0;
var timer = document.querySelector(".timer");
var interval;
//计时功能
function startTimer(){
    interval = setInterval(function(){
        timer.innerHTML = minute+" 分"+second+" 秒";
        second++;
        if(second == 60){
            minute++;
            second=0;
        }
        if(minute == 60){
            hour++;
            minute = 0;
        }
    },1000);
}

当所有卡片都匹配正确时展示恭喜界面，显示移动次数时间和等级

function congratulations(){
    if (matchedCard.length == 16){
        clearInterval(interval);
        finalTime = timer.innerHTML;

        // 显示祝贺界面
        modal.classList.add("show");

        // 声明星级变量
        var starRating = document.querySelector(".stars").innerHTML;

        // 显示移动、评级、时间
        document.getElementById("finalMove").innerHTML = moves;
        document.getElementById("starRating").innerHTML = starRating;
        document.getElementById("totalTime").innerHTML = finalTime;

        //界面上的关闭图标
        closeModal();
    };
}
// 界面上的关闭图标
function closeModal(){
    closeicon.addEventListener("click", function(e){
        modal.classList.remove("show");
        startGame();
    });
}

再次游戏功能

function playAgain(){
    modal.classList.remove("show");
    startGame();
}

// 循环以将事件侦听器添加到每张卡片
for (var i = 0; i < cards.length; i++){
    card = cards[i];
    card.addEventListener("click", displayCard);
    card.addEventListener("click", cardOpen);
    card.addEventListener("click",congratulations);
};

到这里我们的记忆纸牌游戏就做好了

总结

相信通过上面的教程，大家已经学会了如何使用 JavaScript 构建纸牌记忆游戏。同时我们又学习/复习了一些知识，如：animation-duration 属性、visibility 属性和 animation-timing-function 属性等。

同学们也动起手来做一个纸牌记忆游戏吧

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