时间:2022-08-24 09:40:50 | 栏目:Android代码 | 点击:次
本文实例为大家分享了Android Room之数据库加密的具体实现,供大家参考,具体内容如下
Android平台自带的SQLite有一个致命的缺陷:不支持加密。这就导致存储在SQLite中的数据可以被任何人用任何文本编辑器查看到。如果是普通的数据还好,但是当涉及到一些账号密码,或者聊天内容的时候,我们的应用就会面临严重的安全漏洞隐患。
1、在数据存储之前进行加密,在加载数据之后再进行解密,这种方法大概是最容易想的到,而且也不能说这种方式不好,就是有些比较繁琐。 如果项目有特殊需求的话,可能还需要对数据库的表明,列明也进行加密。
2、对数据库整个文件进行加密,好处就是就是无需在插入之前对数据加密,也无需在查询数据之后再解密。比较出名的第三方库就是SQLCipher,它采用的方式就是对数据库文件进行加密,只需在打开数据库的时候输入密码,之后的操作更正常操作没有区别。
前面说了,加密的方式一比较繁琐的地方是需要在存储数据之前加密,在检索数据之后解密,那么是否有一种方式在Room操作数据库的过程中,自动对数据加密解密,答案是有的。
Dao编译之后的代码是这样的:
@Override public long saveCache(final CacheTest cache) { __db.assertNotSuspendingTransaction(); __db.beginTransaction(); try { //核心代码,绑定数据 long _result = __insertionAdapterOfCacheTest.insertAndReturnId(cache); __db.setTransactionSuccessful(); return _result; } finally { __db.endTransaction(); } }
__insertionAdapterOfCacheTest 是在CacheDaoTest_Impl 的构造方法里面创建的一个匿名内部类,这个匿名内部类实现了bind 方法
public CacheDaoTest_Impl(RoomDatabase __db) { this.__db = __db; this.__insertionAdapterOfCacheTest = new EntityInsertionAdapter<CacheTest>(__db) { @Override public String createQuery() { return "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO `table_cache` (`key`,`name`) VALUES (?,?)"; } @Override public void bind(SupportSQLiteStatement stmt, CacheTest value) { if (value.getKey() == null) { stmt.bindNull(1); } else { stmt.bindString(1, value.getKey()); } if (value.getName() == null) { stmt.bindNull(2); } else { stmt.bindString(2, value.getName()); } } }; }
关于SQLiteStatement 不清楚的同学可以百度一下,简单说他就代表一句sql语句,bind 方法就是绑定sql语句所需要的参数,现在的问题是我们可否自定义一个SupportSQLiteStatement ,然后在bind的时候加密参数呢。
我们看一下SupportSQLiteStatement 的创建过程。
public SupportSQLiteStatement acquire() { assertNotMainThread(); return getStmt(mLock.compareAndSet(false, true)); } private SupportSQLiteStatement getStmt(boolean canUseCached) { final SupportSQLiteStatement stmt; //代码有删减 stmt = createNewStatement(); return stmt; } kotlin private SupportSQLiteStatement createNewStatement() { String query = createQuery(); return mDatabase.compileStatement(query); }
可以看到SupportSQLiteStatement 最终来自RoomDataBase的compileStatement 方法,这就给我们hook 提供了接口,我们只要自定义一个SupportSQLiteStatement 类来代理原来的SupportSQLiteStatement 就可以了。
encoder 就是用来加密数据的。
加密数据之后剩余的就是解密数据了,解密数据我们需要在哪里Hook呢?
我们知道数据库检索返回的数据一般都是通过Cursor 传递给用户,这里我们就可以通过代理数据库返回的这个Cursor 进而实现解密数据。
@Database(entities = [CacheTest::class], version = 3) abstract class TestDb : RoomDatabase() { abstract fun testDao(): CacheDaoTest companion object { val MIGRATION_2_1: Migration = object : Migration(2, 1) { override fun migrate(database: SupportSQLiteDatabase) { } } val MIGRATION_2_3: Migration = object : Migration(2, 3) { override fun migrate(database: SupportSQLiteDatabase) { } } val MIGRATION_3_4: Migration = object : Migration(3,4) { override fun migrate(database: SupportSQLiteDatabase) { } } val MIGRATION_2_4: Migration = object : Migration(2, 4) { override fun migrate(database: SupportSQLiteDatabase) { } } } private val encoder: IEncode = TestEncoder() override fun query(query: SupportSQLiteQuery): Cursor { var cusrosr = super.query(query) println("开始查询1") return DencodeCursor(cusrosr, encoder) } override fun query(query: String, args: Array<out Any>?): Cursor { var cusrosr = super.query(query, args) println("开始查询2") return DencodeCursor(cusrosr, encoder) } override fun query(query: SupportSQLiteQuery, signal: CancellationSignal?): Cursor { println("开始查询3") return DencodeCursor(super.query(query, signal), encoder) } }
我们这里重写了RoomDatabase 的是query 方法,代理了原先的Cursor 。
class DencodeCursor(val delete: Cursor, val encoder: IEncode) : Cursor { //代码有删减 override fun getString(columnIndex: Int): String { return encoder.decodeString(delete.getString(columnIndex)) } }
如上,最终加密解密的都被hook在了Room框架中间。但是这种有两个个缺陷
加密解密的过程中不可以改变数据的类型,也就是整型在加密之后还必须是整型,整型在解密之后也必须是整型。同时有些字段可能不需要加密也不需要解密,例如自增长的整型的primary key。其实这种方式也比较好解决,可以规定key 为整数型,其余的数据一律是字符串。这样所有的树数字类型的数据都不需要参与加密解密的过程。
sql 与的参数必须是动态绑定的,而不是在sql语句中静态指定。
@Query("select * from table_cache where `key`=:primaryKey") fun getCache(primaryKey: String): LiveData<CacheTest>
@Query("select * from table_cache where `key`= '123' ") fun getCache(): LiveData<CacheTest>
SQLCipher 仿照官方的架构自己重写了一套代码,官方提供的各种数据库相关的类在SQLCipher 里面也是存在的而且名字都一样除了包名不同。
SQLCipher 与Room的结合方式同上面的情形是类似,也是通过代理的方式实现。由于Room需要的类跟SQLCipher 提供的类包名不一致,所以这里需要对SQLCipher 提供的类进行一下代理然后传递给Room架构使用就可以了。
fun init(context: Context) { val mDataBase1 = Room.databaseBuilder( context.applicationContext, TestDb::class.java, "user_login_info_db" ).openHelperFactory(SafeHelperFactory("".toByteArray())) .build() }
这里主要需要自定义一个SupportSQLiteOpenHelper.Factory也就是SafeHelperFactory 这个SafeHelperFactory 完全是仿照Room架构默认的Factory 也就是FrameworkSQLiteOpenHelperFactory 实现。主要是用户创建一个用于打开数据库的SQLiteOpenHelper,主要的区别是自定义的Facttory 需要一个用于加密与解密的密码。
我们首先需要定义一个自己的OpenHelperFactory
public class SafeHelperFactory implements SupportSQLiteOpenHelper.Factory { public static final String POST_KEY_SQL_MIGRATE = "PRAGMA cipher_migrate;"; public static final String POST_KEY_SQL_V3 = "PRAGMA cipher_compatibility = 3;"; final private byte[] passphrase; final private Options options; public SafeHelperFactory(byte[] passphrase, Options options) { this.passphrase = passphrase; this.options = options; } /** * {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public SupportSQLiteOpenHelper create( SupportSQLiteOpenHelper.Configuration configuration) { return(create(configuration.context, configuration.name, configuration.callback)); } public SupportSQLiteOpenHelper create(Context context, String name, SupportSQLiteOpenHelper.Callback callback) { //创建一个Helper return(new Helper(context, name, callback, passphrase, options)); } private void clearPassphrase(char[] passphrase) { for (int i = 0; i < passphrase.length; i++) { passphrase[i] = (byte) 0; } }
SafeHelperFactory 的create创建了一个Helper,这个Helper实现了Room框架的SupportSQLiteOpenHelper ,实际这个Helper 是个代理类被代理的类为OpenHelper ,OpenHelper 用于操作SQLCipher 提供的数据库类。
class Helper implements SupportSQLiteOpenHelper { private final OpenHelper delegate; private final byte[] passphrase; private final boolean clearPassphrase; Helper(Context context, String name, Callback callback, byte[] passphrase, SafeHelperFactory.Options options) { SQLiteDatabase.loadLibs(context); clearPassphrase=options.clearPassphrase; delegate=createDelegate(context, name, callback, options); this.passphrase=passphrase; } private OpenHelper createDelegate(Context context, String name, final Callback callback, SafeHelperFactory.Options options) { final Database[] dbRef = new Database[1]; return(new OpenHelper(context, name, dbRef, callback, options)); } /** * {@inheritDoc} */ @Override synchronized public String getDatabaseName() { return delegate.getDatabaseName(); } /** * {@inheritDoc} */ @Override @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN) synchronized public void setWriteAheadLoggingEnabled(boolean enabled) { delegate.setWriteAheadLoggingEnabled(enabled); } @Override synchronized public SupportSQLiteDatabase getWritableDatabase() { SupportSQLiteDatabase result; try { result = delegate.getWritableSupportDatabase(passphrase); } catch (SQLiteException e) { if (passphrase != null) { boolean isCleared = true; for (byte b : passphrase) { isCleared = isCleared && (b == (byte) 0); } if (isCleared) { throw new IllegalStateException("The passphrase appears to be cleared. This happens by" + "default the first time you use the factory to open a database, so we can remove the" + "cleartext passphrase from memory. If you close the database yourself, please use a" + "fresh SafeHelperFactory to reopen it. If something else (e.g., Room) closed the" + "database, and you cannot control that, use SafeHelperFactory.Options to opt out of" + "the automatic password clearing step. See the project README for more information."); } } throw e; } if (clearPassphrase && passphrase != null) { for (int i = 0; i < passphrase.length; i++) { passphrase[i] = (byte) 0; } } return(result); } /** * {@inheritDoc} * * NOTE: this implementation delegates to getWritableDatabase(), to ensure * that we only need the passphrase once */ @Override public SupportSQLiteDatabase getReadableDatabase() { return(getWritableDatabase()); } /** * {@inheritDoc} */ @Override synchronized public void close() { delegate.close(); } static class OpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { private final Database[] dbRef; private volatile Callback callback; private volatile boolean migrated; }
真正操作数据库的类OpenHelper,OpenHelper 继承的SQLiteOpenHelper 是net.sqlcipher.database 包下的
static class OpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { private final Database[] dbRef; private volatile Callback callback; private volatile boolean migrated; OpenHelper(Context context, String name, final Database[] dbRef, final Callback callback, final SafeHelperFactory.Options options) { super(context, name, null, callback.version, new SQLiteDatabaseHook() { @Override public void preKey(SQLiteDatabase database) { if (options!=null && options.preKeySql!=null) { database.rawExecSQL(options.preKeySql); } } @Override public void postKey(SQLiteDatabase database) { if (options!=null && options.postKeySql!=null) { database.rawExecSQL(options.postKeySql); } } }, new DatabaseErrorHandler() { @Override public void onCorruption(SQLiteDatabase dbObj) { Database db = dbRef[0]; if (db != null) { callback.onCorruption(db); } } }); this.dbRef = dbRef; this.callback=callback; } synchronized SupportSQLiteDatabase getWritableSupportDatabase(byte[] passphrase) { migrated = false; SQLiteDatabase db=super.getWritableDatabase(passphrase); if (migrated) { close(); return getWritableSupportDatabase(passphrase); } return getWrappedDb(db); } synchronized Database getWrappedDb(SQLiteDatabase db) { Database wrappedDb = dbRef[0]; if (wrappedDb == null) { wrappedDb = new Database(db); dbRef[0] = wrappedDb; } return(dbRef[0]); } /** * {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase) { callback.onCreate(getWrappedDb(sqLiteDatabase)); } /** * {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { migrated = true; callback.onUpgrade(getWrappedDb(sqLiteDatabase), oldVersion, newVersion); } /** * {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public void onConfigure(SQLiteDatabase db) { callback.onConfigure(getWrappedDb(db)); } /** * {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public void onDowngrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { migrated = true; callback.onDowngrade(getWrappedDb(db), oldVersion, newVersion); } /** * {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public void onOpen(SQLiteDatabase db) { if (!migrated) { // from Google: "if we've migrated, we'll re-open the db so we should not call the callback." callback.onOpen(getWrappedDb(db)); } } /** * {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public synchronized void close() { super.close(); dbRef[0] = null; } }
这里的OpenHelper 完全是仿照Room 框架下的OpenHelper 实现的。