时间:2022-08-20 08:07:55 | 栏目:Android代码 | 点击:次
async包由 Dart 编程语言的作者开发和发布。它提供了dart:async风格的实用程序来增强异步计算。可以帮助我们取消Future的是CancelableOperation类:
var myCancelableFuture = CancelableOperation.fromFuture( Future<T> inner, { FutureOr onCancel()? } ) ? // call the cancel() method to cancel the future myCancelableFuture.cancel();
为了更清楚,请参阅下面的实际示例。
应用预览
我们要构建的应用程序有一个浮动按钮。按下此按钮时,将开始异步操作(这需要 5 秒才能完成)。按钮的背景从靛蓝变为红色,其标签从“开始”变为“取消”,现在您可以使用它来取消Future。
一个演示价值超过一千字:
代码
1.通过执行以下操作安装异步包:
flutter pub add async
然后运行:
flutter pub get
2.main.dart 中的完整源代码(附解释):
// main.dart import 'package:flutter/material.dart'; import 'package:async/async.dart'; ? void main() { runApp(const MyApp()); } ? class MyApp extends StatelessWidget { const MyApp({Key? key}) : super(key: key); @override Widget build(BuildContext context) { return MaterialApp( // Remove the debug banner debugShowCheckedModeBanner: false, title: '大前端之旅', theme: ThemeData( primarySwatch: Colors.indigo, ), home: const HomePage()); } } ? class HomePage extends StatefulWidget { const HomePage({Key? key}) : super(key: key); ? @override _HomePageState createState() => _HomePageState(); } ? class _HomePageState extends State<HomePage> { // this future will return some text once it completes Future<String?> _myFuture() async { await Future.delayed(const Duration(seconds: 5)); return 'Future completed'; } ? // keep a reference to CancelableOperation CancelableOperation? _myCancelableFuture; ? // This is the result returned by the future String? _text; ? // Help you know whether the app is "loading" or not bool _isLoading = false; ? // This function is called when the "start" button is pressed void _getData() async { setState(() { _isLoading = true; }); ? _myCancelableFuture = CancelableOperation.fromFuture( _myFuture(), onCancel: () => 'Future has been canceld', ); final value = await _myCancelableFuture?.value; ? // update the UI setState(() { _text = value; _isLoading = false; }); } ? // this function is called when the "cancel" button is tapped void _cancelFuture() async { final result = await _myCancelableFuture?.cancel(); setState(() { _text = result; _isLoading = false; }); } ? @override Widget build(BuildContext context) { return Scaffold( appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('大前端之旅')), body: Center( child: _isLoading ? const CircularProgressIndicator() : Text( _text ?? 'Press Start Button', style: const TextStyle(fontSize: 28), ), ), // This button is used to trigger _getDate() and _cancelFuture() functions // the function is called depends on the _isLoading variable floatingActionButton: ElevatedButton( onPressed: () => _isLoading ? _cancelFuture() : _getData(), child: Text(_isLoading ? 'Cancel' : 'Start'), style: ElevatedButton.styleFrom( padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 20, horizontal: 30), primary: _isLoading ? Colors.red : Colors.indigo), ), ); } }
这种方法既快速又简单。但是,它不是很灵活。
使用timeout()方法,您可以限制Future的时间(例如 3 秒)。如果 future 及时完成,它的值将被返回。另一方面,如果Future超过限制时间,将执行onTimeout函数:
Future<T> timeout( Duration timeLimit, {FutureOr<T> onTimeout()?} )
创建一个虚拟的Future:
Future<String?> _myFuture() async { await Future.delayed(const Duration(seconds: 10)); return 'Future completed'; }
设置超时 3 秒:
_myFuture().timeout( const Duration(seconds: 3), onTimeout: () => 'The process took too much time to finish. Please try again later', );
您可以使用 Future 类的asStream()方法来创建一个包含原始Future结果的流。现在您可以取消对该流的订阅。
// don't forget to import this import 'dart:async'; ? // Create a demo future Future<dynamic> _loadData() async { await Future.delayed(const Duration(seconds: 10)); return 'Some Data'; } ? // a reference to the stream subscription // so that we can call _sub.cancel() later StreamSubscription<dynamic>? _sub; ? // convert the future to a stream _sub = _loadData().asStream().listen((data) { // do something with "data" print(data); }); ? // cancel the stream subscription _sub.cancel();
请注意,这个快速示例仅简要描述了事物的工作原理。您必须对其进行修改以使其可在现有项目中运行。
你已经学会了不止一种方法来取消 Flutter 中的Future。从其中选择一个以在您的应用程序中实现,以使其在处理异步任务时更加健壮和吸引人。